Abstract:In this paper, we investigated the level of competitiveness of the processed food sector of the Danube region countries, in order to show the existence of comparative advantage and the correlation of exports. We used the Balassa (RCA-revealed comparative advantage) index and TPI (trade performance indexes). At first, using the Pearson and Spearman index, we examined the existence of correlations between the processed food sector of the Danube countries. Then, we applied the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test to further compare the value and answered the question: between which Danube countries are there significant differences? With the study, we found that the distribution of the RCA index in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary, Moldova and Slovenia deviates from normality. We also found the existence of a strong correlation of the RCA index of the Czech Republic with Romania, Hungary with Moldova and Serbia, Moldova with Serbia and Bulgaria with Ukraine. Finally, we concluded that the development of trade in the countries of the Danube region requires the participation of all relevant interest groups and could play an important role in providing faster economic development, that is in achieving sustainable development of the countries, with the sustainable use of available resources. OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 6977
NS soybean cultivars were assessed for variability of and correlations between yield components and the effect of genotype - environment interaction on yield, yield component and morphological characteristics. Experiments were carried out at Rimski Šančevi experiment field in 2009 and 2010. The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height (cm), height of first pod (cm), 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield (kg/ha) and the combined content of oil and protein in grain (%). Combined contents of oil and protein in grain soybean were determined by a non destructive method of near infrared spectroscopy on PERTEN DA 7000 (NIR/VIS Spectrophotometer). The studied characteristics varied significantly depending on genotype and year. The highest yield of 5273 kg/ha was obtained in 2009 with the genotype Victoria. Highest 1000-grain weights, 2009-2010, were achieved with the genotypes Valjevka and Victoria (149.27 g and 147.23 g). Maximum heights of first pod (19.40 cm) were recorded for the genotype Victoria, 2009-2010. Highest protein contents were obtained with the genotypes Valjevka and Victoria, 2009-2010, were and highest oil contents (21.73%) with the genotype Tea. Protein content was positively significantly correlated with 1000-grain weight and negatively significantly correlated with oil content, and negatively correlated with yield and the height of first pod. Oil content was positively correlated with the height of first pod. Thousand-grain weight was negatively highly significantly correlated with oil content in grain and negatively significantly correlated the height of first pod. The results of this study should facilitate further soybean breeding for improved seed yield and protein and oil contents
Distribution of agricultural products from the aspect of farms is a continuous issue. Efficient application of the distribution model should provide a farm owner with regular income, as well as with a competitive advantage. Assessment of distribution channels in the context of an agricultural producer is subject to multi-criteria decisions, including both qualitative and quantitative factors. The aim of this paper is to develop a model which enables a structured analysis and an efficient assessment of distribution channels. The methodology based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) will be a useful tool in setting various criteria for deciding on distribution channels, as well as a tool for managing a multi-variant qualitative assessment of data included in decision-making processes. The survey results show that the most important distribution channel for agricultural products is the channel of sales via processing plants (cooling and drying facilities, silos and agricultural combines), compared to sales through advertising (which significantly increased its share with the COVID-19 pandemic), sales through sales channels or at farmers’ markets.
Maize lines are susceptible to different herbicides, what makes seed production more complicate. The susceptibility is depending in high extent on meteorological conditions. The objective of the study was to investigate genetic variability and correlation between phytotoxicity (EWRC evaluation), alterations in dry matter (DM), phenolics and soluble proteins (SP) in sets of 19 ZP lines, to nicosulfuron and foramsulfuron, with the aim to determine sensitivity of individual lines and the potential tolerance patterns during period 2006-2009. The negative impact of both herbicides reflects through DM increase, but in higher degree in nicosulfuron treatment. They also induced in average SP increase and decrease of phenolic’s content. According to different meteorological conditions present during examined four years, SP increase was followed by increased EWRC values at same lines, opposite to lines in which decrease of SP and increase of phenolic’s level could be tied to potential tolerance, what gives importance to testing of each individual maize line. Special attention must be given to application time (according to meteorological conditions and level of weed infestation). The decrease in SP level and increase of phenolics, together with lower EWRC values observed at some lines could be associated to tolerance patterns what was emphasized particularly during 2009, when visible injuries were absent. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31037: Integrated Field Crop Production: Conservation of Biodiversity and Soil Fertility
The contemporary food production requires the preservation of soil productivity with the simultaneous maintenance of the yield level accomplished with the appropriate fertilizing. The maize and soybean production is unimaginable without fertilizers and the application of information within the filed of nitrogen fixation. The application of fertilizers has been increasing. Diazotrophs are microorganisms with the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and to convert it in forms available to plants. Therefore, effects of different rates of mineral nitrogen (80, 120 and 160 kg N ha-1 in maize and half of the mentioned rates in soybean), as well as, maize seed bacterisation with the associative species (Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum lipoferum, Klebsiella planticola, Beijerinckia derxi) and soybean with the symbiotic species (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and their mixture on soil biogeny and yield quality and quantity were studied. The studied parameters in maize had higher values under conditions of bacterisation and fertilization with 80 kg N ha-1, while the mixture of diazotrophs and fertilization with 40 kg N ha-1 resulted in higher values of studied parameters in soybean. It is possible to produce organic/healthy food with the maintenance of soil biogeny if diazotrophs are incorporated into the soil with lower rates of mineral nitrogen. This possibility is a basic prerequisite for sustainable agriculture
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