Distribution of agricultural products from the aspect of farms is a continuous issue. Efficient application of the distribution model should provide a farm owner with regular income, as well as with a competitive advantage. Assessment of distribution channels in the context of an agricultural producer is subject to multi-criteria decisions, including both qualitative and quantitative factors. The aim of this paper is to develop a model which enables a structured analysis and an efficient assessment of distribution channels. The methodology based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) will be a useful tool in setting various criteria for deciding on distribution channels, as well as a tool for managing a multi-variant qualitative assessment of data included in decision-making processes. The survey results show that the most important distribution channel for agricultural products is the channel of sales via processing plants (cooling and drying facilities, silos and agricultural combines), compared to sales through advertising (which significantly increased its share with the COVID-19 pandemic), sales through sales channels or at farmers’ markets.

No abstract

Сажетак: У овом раду анализираћемо проблем незапослености у Србији кроз динамику тржишта радне снаге. Дугогодишњи проблем незапослености прерастао је у структурну незапосленост, чију природу теоријски концепти нису у могућности да јасно објасне кроз основне макроекономске варијабле-БДП, инфлацију и незапосленост. Отуда, фокус наше анализе биће сагледавање структуре радне снаге на тржишту радне снаге током прве и друге деценије XXI века. Применићемо методологију Међународне организације тржишта рада (ИЛО), користећи њене кључне индикаторе (КИЛМ индикатори) на тржишту радне снаге у Србији, а којима се анализирају различите структуре незапослености‚ запослености по секторима, продуктивност рада итд. Показаћемо позицију привреде Србије у свету, приказаћемо проблеме незапослености и предложити потенцијална решења. Кључне речи: (не)запосленост, КИЛМ индикатори, институције тржишта рада

Agriculture is a pillar of Serbia's economic development. Consequently, this paper provides an overview and analysis of the status of farms in Serbia, with a special focus on finding factors influencing the sustainable development of small-scale family farms. To facilitate simpler and more precise problem-solving and decision-making processes for improving the farms' operations, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model is used in this paper. This model is applied to the selection of key economic determinants for small farms' viability, illustrated through the results of the authors' own survey of 550 small farms in Serbia, which refers to the economic, social and environmental aspects of small farms' operation. By applying the criteria for selecting key economic indicators of a small farm, the multi-criteria assessment results can be utilised to inform more effective business and policy decisions directed at improving the operation of small-scale family farms. The survey results show that the best-ranked determinants for the viability of small farms in Serbia are first, the price of agricultural products, and next, wellstructured agricultural product distribution channels.

The role of small farms in agricultural production is particularly important for less developed economies, with a high share of agriculture in GDP and a lower level of national income. These economies have a high share of small-scale farms in the total number of registered farms, measured by the size of an agricultural holding. The paper thoroughly analyses the distribution channels of the agricultural products of Moldova (MDA), Romania (ROM), and Serbia (SRB). The data sources for this analysis are taken from the survey conducted on 1 608 small-scale farms in the above-mentioned countries in 2019. The aim of the paper is to develop a model that could enable the structured analysis of distribution channels. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used for efficient assessment and as a criterion for choosing the most appropriate distribution channel. The results of the analysis show that small-scale farms mostly place their products in green markets and processing plants and that the quality and the price of agricultural products are the dominant criteria for the selection of a channel. The results of the applied model indicate that the model is stable and that small-scale farms can choose the optimal distribution channel by using this study.

Decision making and management are synonyms. Banks are facing a number of business risks and operational risk is prevalent. Risk management is related to making decisions; therefore, it is important for the whole organization. The aim of this paper is to develop a decision-making system when choosing the method of operational risk management by using the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP). AHP is an efficient process in solving decision-making problems. The final decision depends on the evaluation of a set of alternatives and decision criteria. Therefore, AHP defines the criteria related to operational risk and the alternatives that the bank management can undertake in order to successfully manage operational risk. The main purpose of the process is to find appropriate solutions for defined user factors in the current competitive environment. The results, obtained by the classical numerical method show that External Factors is the dominant criterion, especially during the financial crisis or the Covid pandemic, and that solutions should be sought in international standards along with using the control tools created by banks themselves.

No abstract

This paper will analyse the export of agricultural products of Serbia to the EU during the period from 2001 to 2017. A panel gravity model was used to assess the effects of trade flows. The main advantage of the gravity model is the application of basic indicators of the economy and the ability to evaluate panel series. The obtained results show that the size of the economy, measured by gross domestic product, the size of the market of foreign trade partners, measured by population, and the distance between trading partner countries, have measurable effects on the export of agricultural products from Serbia to the EU. Using a simple econometric model, we analysed the effects of Serbia's international trade and noticed that there is significant room for improving the exchange between Serbia and EU members. A multi-variable model would provide more information to trade policy makers.