The microbial ecosystem in girls with clinical signs of vulvovaginitis is complex and variable, and the presence of a microorganism does not necessarily imply that it is the cause of infection. The diagnosis of vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girls requires a complex and comprehensive approach, and microbiological findings should be interpreted in the context of clinical findings.

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These results confirm an association between the use of antibiotics and the prevalence of resistance. This methodology could provide good quality indicators of rational drug use and serve for local monitoring of antibiotics use and resistance, as well as for external comparison.

C. trachomatis was predominant bacterial species found in urethra in men with nongonococcal urthretitis. Mixed infections were frequent.

Cervical colonization with U. urealyticum > or = 10(4) is more frequent in pregnant women with risk pregnancy than in pregnant women with normal term delivery. High-density cervical U. urealyticum colonization should be observed as a possible etiological factor for PROM.