In order to provide more effective treatment strategies for the rapid healing of diabetic wounds, novel therapeutic approaches need to be developed. The therapeutic potential of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist pioglitazone hydrochloride (PHR) in two different release kinetic scenarios, burst release and sustained release, was investigated and compared with in vitro and in vivo tests as potential wound healing dressings. PHR-loaded fibrous mats were successfully fabricated using polyvinyl-pyrrolidone and polycaprolactone by scalable pressurized gyration. The results indicated that PHR-loaded fibrous mats expedited diabetic wound healing in type-1 diabetic rats and did not show any cytotoxic effect on NIH/3T3 (mouse embryo fibroblast) cells, albeit with different release kinetics and efficacies. The wound healing effects of fibrous mats are presented with histological and biochemical evaluations. PHR-loaded fibrous mats improved neutrophil infiltration, oedema, and inflammation and increased epidermal regeneration and fibroblast proliferation, but the formation of hair follicles and completely improved oedema were observed only in the sustained release form. Thus, topical administration of PPAR-γ agonist in sustained release form has high potential for the treatment of diabetic wounds in inflammatory and proliferative phases of healing with high bioavailability and fewer systemic side effects.

No abstract

No abstract

Natural calcium phosphates derived from fish wastes are a promising material for biomedical application. However, their sintered ceramics are not fully characterized in terms of mechanical and biological properties. In this study, natural calcium phosphate was synthesized through a thermal calcination process from salmon fish bone wastes. The salmon-derived calcium phosphates (sCaP) were sintered at different temperatures to obtain natural calcium phosphate bioceramics and then were investigated in terms of their microstructure, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In particular, this work is concerned with the effects of grain size on the relative density and microhardness of the sCaP bioceramics. Ca/P ratio of the sintered sCaP ranged from 1.73 to 1.52 when the sintering temperature was raised from 1000 to 1300 °C. The crystal phase of all the sCaP bioceramics obtained was biphasic and composed of hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP). The density and microhardness of the sCaP bioceramics increased in the temperature interval 1000–1100 °C, while at temperatures higher than 1100 °C, these properties were not significantly altered. The highest compressive strength of 116 MPa was recorded for the samples sintered at 1100 °C. In vitro biocompatibility was also examined in the behavior of osteosarcoma (Saos-2) cells, indicating that the sCaP bioceramics had no cytotoxicity effect. Salmon-derived biphasic calcium phosphates (BCP) have the potential to contribute to the development of bone substituted materials.

No abstract