Objetivou-se descrever o quantitativo, distribuição e estrutura do rebanho de ovino da raça Santa Inês no estado do Piauí. Foram analisados dados de registros genealógicos da raça Santa Inês, mantidos pela Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Ovinos (ARCO), referentes ao período de 1992 a 2012. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas de modo a conhecer como o rebanho Santa Inês está estruturado. Foi realizada a classificação do rebanho quanto a sua estrutura organizacional, determinada com base na origem e uso dos reprodutores, utilizando-se o programa ENDOG. v.4.8. O registro dos animais da raça Santa Inês, no Piauí, teve inicio em 1990, e a maior representatividade foi verificada no período de 1993 a 2001. Quanto à estrutura dos rebanhos, 56,8% foram classificados como rebanhos multiplicadores (estrato intermediário da pirâmide) e 43,2% como rebanhos comerciais (base da pirâmide), sendo que não se observou nenhum rebanho núcleo e nem isolado. A falta de rebanhos núcleo da raça no Estado pode ser uma das causas da redução do número de animais registrados nos últimos anos no Piauí.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different non-genetic effects on indicator traits for maternal ability in Santa Inês ewes. Data included performance records of 100 lambs (males and females) born from 59 dams, from 2009 to 2012. The analyzed traits were birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), average daily gain from birth until weaning (ADGBW), total litter weight at birth (TLWB), and total litter weight at weaning (TLWW). The effects analyzed were the year of birth of the lamb, birth season, dam age at lambing, dam weight at lambing, sex of the lamb, lamb birth type, interaction between sex and birth type, and interaction between sex and birth season. SAS® software (SAS University Edition, USA) was used for calculation of the analysis of variance, means, and Pearson correlation coefficients. With the exception of the birth season, all the other environmental effects evaluated had a significant influence on at least one of the studied traits. The correlation estimates ranged from low to high and were either positive or negative. Birth weight was negatively correlated with the birth type and influenced positively all the other performance traits evaluated. The maternal ability of Santa Inês ewes was more clearly influenced by the age and weight of the dam at lambing, and the lamb birth type.

Objetivou-se, com esse trabalho, estudar a caracterização morfométrica de ovinos da raça Santa Inês para auxílio à conservação genética desta raça em diferentes microrregiões do Estado do Piauí, de modo a contribuir com a conservação da raça. Para isso, foram coletadas medidas morfométricas em ovinos oriundos de diferentes microrregiões do Estado do Piauí. As características de medidas corporais coletadas foram a altura de cernelha, a altura de garupa, a circunferência torácica, o comprimento corporal e o comprimento de orelha. Foram avaliadas as médias das medidas por microrregião e através da análise de componentes principais, com auxílio do PROC PRINCOMP do SAS, foi possível agrupar as populações com base em medidas de similaridade. Os grupos foram formados através da análise de agrupamento pelo método Ward. A partir das análises foi encontrada diversidade fenotípica nos ovinos Santa Inês criados no Estado do Piauí, sendo formada por um grupo de animais maiores, localizados nas microrregiões de Floriano, Médio Parnaíba Piauiense, Campo Maior e Teresina; um grupo de animais de tamanho intermediário, porém com comprimento corpora e circunferência torácica maiores e orelhas pequenas, localizado na microrregião de São Raimundo Nonato, outro grupo com tamanho intermediário e orelhas grandes e o último grupo composto por animais menores, localizados nas microrregiões do Litoral Piauiense e Valença. As medidas que mais contribuíram para a análise de componente principal foram as medidas de altura de garupa, altura de cernelha e comprimento corporal.

Objective: The genetic evaluation of Santa Inês sheep was performed for resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infection (RGNI) and body size using different relationship matrices to assess the efficiency of including genomic information in the analyses.Methods: There were 1,637 animals in the pedigree and 500, 980, and 980 records of RGNI, thoracic depth (TD), and rump height (RH), respectively. The genomic data consisted of 42,748 SNPs and 388 samples genotyped with the OvineSNP50 BeadChip. The (co)variance components were estimated in single- and multi-trait analyses using the numerator relationship matrix (A) and the hybrid matrix H, which blends A with the genomic relationship matrix (G). The BLUP and single-step genomic BLUP methods were used. The accuracies of estimated breeding values and Spearman rank correlation were also used to assess the feasibility of incorporating genomic information in the analyses.Results: The heritability estimates ranged from 0.11±0.07, for TD (in single-trait analysis using the A matrix), to 0.38±0.08, for RH (using the H matrix in multi-trait analysis). The estimates of genetic correlation ranged from –0.65±0.31 to 0.59±0.19, using A, and from –0.42±0.30 to 0.57±0.16 using H. The gains in accuracy of estimated breeding values ranged from 2.22% to 75.00% with the inclusion of genomic information in the analyses.Conclusion: The inclusion of genomic information will benefit the direct selection for the traits in this study, especially RGNI and TD. More information is necessary to improve the understanding on the genetic relationship between resistance to nematode infection and body size in Santa Inês sheep. The genetic evaluation for the evaluated traits was more efficient when genomic information was included in the analyses.

The aim of this study was to evaluate carcass traits and growth curves in Santa Inês sheep. We used weight data collected from 51 developing sheep from birth to 336 days of age, from March 2012 to May 2013. The sheep belonged to the Core Conservation Team of the Federal University of Piauí and were located at two properties, one in Bom Jesus -PI and one in Cristino Castro -PI. The model used to represent the growth curve was the Gompertz model, in which the model parameters were estimated by using a Gauss-Newton algorithm modified by the NLIN procedure in SAS. The rib eye area (REA) and subcutaneous backfat thickness (SBT) of lambs were evaluated by ultrasound. These results were used to study the growth curve and the relationship between the estimated model growth curve parameters and the evaluated carcass traits. The estimated correlation between A and K was negative. The correlations between the carcass traits (REA and SBT) and the growth curve parameters (A and K) show that animals with a high adult weight and a high rate of precocity do not always yield good carcasses. Birth weight is a good indicator of animals that can achieve better weights in adulthood. The management effect influenced the growth pattern of Santa Inês sheep, indicating a need to adapt management decisions. These adaptations would mainly relate to fodder storage during periods of food scarcity, which indirectly relates to climate effects, so there would be no influence on animal growth.

The present study aimed to estimate variance components and heritability coefficients (h 2 ) in Santa Inês sheep by single-and two-trait analyses for the traits loin eye area (LEA), length (LEL) and maximum depth (LED), in the longissimus dorsi muscle, subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), fat thickness over the biceps femoris muscle (FTBF), croup height (CH), thoracic circumference (TC), thoracic depth (TD), body length (BL), and adult live weight (ALW). The restricted maximum likelihood (REML) was used to estimate variance components in an animal model. In both types of analyses, we estimated moderate heritability for all traits, with the exception of SFT, CH, TC, BL, and ALW (all of which yielded low h 2 estimates). In two-trait analysis for body size, only TD yielded a lower h 2 estimate, when compared to single-trait analysis. On the other hand, CH, TC, and BL yielded higher h 2 estimates. Most estimates for variance components and h 2 in two-trait analysis were higher than those in single-trait analysis. This finding suggests the possibility of a moderate response to selection for improvement in the carcass of meat sheep using the specific carcass traits evaluated (except SFT), highlighting LEA. The fat thickness over the biceps femoris muscle showed higher potential for response to direct selection for fat deposition than SFT. Thoracic depth showed higher potential for response to direct selection for body size than the other morphometric measurements. In the present study, adult live weight was not an effective criterion for direct selection.

This study aimed to describe the population genetic structure and evaluate the state of conservation of the genetic variability of Santa Inês sheep in Brazil. We used pedigree data of the Santa Inês breed available in electronic processing of the Brazilian Association of Sheep Breeders. A file with 20,206 records, which enabled the calculation of the genetic conservation index (GCI), individual inbreeding coefficient (F), change in inbreeding (ΔF), effective population size (Ne), effective number of founders (ƒ), effective number of ancestors (ƒ), generation interval (L), average relatedness coefficient of each individual (AR), and Wright's F-statistics (F , F, and F ). For pedigree analysis and calculation of population parameters, the program ENDOG was used. The average inbreeding coefficient ([Formula: see text]) was 0.97% and the mean average relatedness ([Formula: see text]) 0.49%. The effective numbers of founders and ancestors were, respectively, 199 and 161. The average values of F and AR increased significantly over the years. The effective population size fluctuated over the years concurrently to oscillations in inbreeding rates, wherein N reached just 68 in the year 2012. The mean average generation interval was 5.3 years. The Santa Inês breed in Brazil is under genetic drift process, with loss of genetic variation. It requires the implementation of a genetic management plan in the herd, for conservation and improvement of the breed.

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