Results suggested that in cats, administration of dexmedetomidine combined with butorphanol or ketamine resulted in more adequate sedation, without clinically important cardiovascular effects, than was achieved with dexmedetomidine alone.

No abstract

The purpose of this report was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects and efficacy of dexmedetomidine as a premedicant agent in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy anaesthetized with propofol-sevoflurane. Cats were randomly divided into two groups of eight animals each. Dexmedetomidine (0.01 mg/kg) or 0.9% saline was administered intravenously (D and S, respectively). After 5 min, propofol was administered intravenously and anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane. Heart and respiratory rates, arterial blood pressure, oxygen saturation, rectal temperature and the amount of propofol needed for induction were measured. Premedication with dexmedetomidine reduced the requirement of propofol (6.7+/-3.8 mg/kg), but induced bradycardia, compared with the administration of saline (15.1+/-5.1 mg/kg). Recovery quality was significantly better in D but no significant difference in time to return of swallowing reflex was observed between groups (D=2.5+/-0.5 min; S=3.2+/-1.8 min). In conclusion, dexmedetomidine is a safe and effective agent for premedication in cats undergoing propofol-sevoflurane anaesthesia with minimal adverse effects.

Este estudo comparou o efeito na biomecânica articular de dois fios de sutura, aço e polipropileno, na estabilização do joelho após transecção do ligamento cruzado cranial de cães, utilizando-se a técnica extra-articular de sutura fabelo-tibial. O centro instantâneo de movimento e o vetor velocidade resultante, foram calculados por meio de análise radiográfica das articulações fêmur-tíbio-patelares de doze cães, antes e após a desestabilização e estabilização articular. Todas as articulações apresentavam centro instantâneo e vetor velocidade normais antes da transecção do ligamento. Após a mesma, observou-se o posicionamento anormal do vetor velocidade em onze articulações. Na análise radiográfica posterior à estabilização articular, quatro articulações do grupo nos quais foi empregado o fio de aço continuaram apresentando posicionamento anormal do vetor velocidade, enquanto todas as articulações do grupo em que foi utilizado o fio de polipropileno apresentaram vetor velocidade em posição tangente às superfícies ósseas. Conclui-se que o fio de polipropileno é mais indicado na estabilização extra-articular por manter a biomecânica articular inalterada.

correspondência. 2 Acadêmico. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, UnB/FAV. 3 Zootecnista, Professor Adjunto, UnB/FAV. RESUMOVisando observar os efeitos do butorfanol (B) na anestesia produzida pela associação de romifidina (R) e tiletamina-zolazepam (TZ), foram utilizados seis gatos adultos, de forma que todos animais receberam a associação de romifidina-tiletamina-zolazepam (grupo RTZ) ou a associação de romifidina-tiletamina-zolazepam-butorfanol (grupo RTZB). Os animais receberam em aplicação única, por via intramuscular, 7mg.kg -1 de tiletamina e 7mg.kg -1 de zolazepam e 40µg.kg -1 de romifidina (grupo RTZ) ou a mesma associação acrescida de 0,2mg.kg -1 de B (grupo RTZB). A freqüência cardíaca, freqüência respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e média por método não-invasivo oscilométrico, saturação de oxihemoglobina e temperatura retal foram avaliadas durante 120 minutos e comparadas aos valores basais. Os efeitos anestésicos foram caracterizados por meio de um sistema de escores. Outros dados como período de latência, período anestésico hábil e período de recuperação foram mensurados para efeito comparativo. Os períodos de latência e anestésico hábil foram significativamente mais prolongados no grupo RTZB. Ocorreu diminuição da freqüência respiratória no grupo RTZB, havendo decréscimo transitório no grupo RTZ. A freqüência cardíaca não variou no grupo RTZ até os 60 minutos e decresceu significativamente no grupo RTZB. Conclui-se que a associação RTZ produz anestesia com mínimos efeitos cardiovasculares e que a adição do butorfanol à associação prolonga o tempo anestésico hábil, além de proporcionar analgesia mais duradoura, mas provoca efeitos colaterais como decréscimo da freqüência cardíaca e da freqüência respiratória em gatos. Palavras-chave:romifidina, tiletamina-zolazepam, butorfanol, gatos, anestesia. ABSTRACTThe effect of butorphanol was investigated in six adult cats anesthetized with romifidine-tiletaminez o l a z e p a m . C a t s w e r e g i v e n r o m i f i d i n e ( 4 0 µ g .k g -1 ) tiletamine (7mg.kg -1 ) and zolazepam (7mg.kg -1 ) (RTZ) intramuscularly, or RTZ and butorphanol (0.2mg.kg -1 ) (R TZB). Heart rate, respirator y rate, oscillometric systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure, oxihemoglobin saturation and rectal temperature were determined for 120 minutes and compared to baseline values. Anesthetic effects were evaluated using a score system. Time of induction, a n e s t h e s i a a n d re c o v e r y w e re a l s o d e t e r m i n e d f o r comparison. Induction time and anesthetic time were significantly longer in RTZB. In the RTZB group a significant decrease in respiratory rate was observed while in the RTZ group this was transitory. Heart rate did not change in the RTZ group until 60 minutes and decreased significantly in the RTZB group from the time of injection. It is concluded that RTZ is an effective anesthetic combination with minimal cardiovascular side e f f e c t s a n d t h a t a d d i t i o n o f b u t o r p h a n o l t o t h...

Results suggested that administration of romifidine alone or romifidine-butorphanol causes a significant decrease in heart rate and that preemptive administration of atropine in cats sedated with romifidine-butorphanol effectively prevents bradycardia for 50 minutes.

The effects of premedicating cats with saline, xylazine or medetomidine before anaesthetising them with propofol-sevoflurane were compared. Twenty-four cats were randomly assigned to three groups of eight to receive either 0·25 ml of saline, 0·50 mg/kg of xylazine or 0·02 mg/kg of medetomidine intravenously, and anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane. Medetomidine produced a greater reduction in the induction dose of propofol and fewer adverse postoperative effects than saline or xylazine. Hypoxaemia was observed after induction with propofol in the cats premedicated with saline and xylazine, but not in the cats given medetomidine. The cats treated with medetomidine and xylazine developed profound bradycardia. The blood pressure of the cats premedicated with saline and xylazine decreased, but the blood pressure of the cats premedicated with medetomidine was maintained. The cats premedicated with saline took longer to recover from anaesthesia than the other two groups. (Doherty 1988, Dobromylskyj 1996, Golden and others 1998. Their sedative, analgesic and muscle relaxation properties make them particularly suitable for anaesthetising cats (Steinberg 1989, Tranquilli andBenson 1992). Medetomidine is more selective, more potent and more effective than xylazine; an intramuscular dose of 0·18 mg/kg of medetomidine induced the equivalent sedative effect as an intramuscular dose of 3·0 mg/kg of xylazine (Steinberg 1989).Bradycardia, a decrease in cardiac output and a brief period of hypertension followed by a prolonged decrease in arterial blood pressure are usually observed in cats after the administration of xylazine (Tranquilli and Benson 1992). The respiratory effects of xylazine are variable, but respiratory function often remains virtually unchanged (Short and Bufalari 1999). The cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine are similar to those of xylazine, although they may be more pronounced (Pypendop and Verstegen 1998, Lamont and others 2001); the administration of medetomidine has been associated with sustained hypertension in cats and dogs (Keegan and others 1995, Dobromylskyj 1996, Golden and others 1998. Both xylazine and medetomidine are excellent for premedicating small animals before they are anaesthetised with several injectable and inhalational anaesthetics (Steinberg 1989, Short and Bufalari 1999, Kuusela and others 2001.Propofol is a rapid-acting, non-barbiturate intravenous anaesthetic. Its rapid onset and relatively short duration of action makes it an ideal agent for the induction of general anaesthesia (Bufalari and others 1998). Premedication with xylazine or medetomidine has been reported to significantly reduce the dose of propofol required in cats and dogs (Cullen and Reynoldson 1993).Sevoflurane is a halogenated agent with clinical characteristics similar to isoflurane, but it induces anaesthesia more rapidly, and animals recover from it more quickly than with isoflurane (Mutoh and others 1997). It has been reported to produce an increase in heart rate and a s...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate periodontal disease (PD) in dogs with chronic renal failure (CRF) and to compare it to PD in dogs with normal renal function (NRF). Twelve dogs with CRF and 24 dogs with NRF, all presenting dental pocket formation, were compared. In all dogs, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urine specific gravity and total red and white blood cells were determined. A complete oral examination was also performed including evaluation of bacterial plaque, gingivitis, gingival recession, pocket, calculus, dental mobility, dental loss, and ulcers. These data were used to calculate plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and periodontal destruction index (PDI). PD was graded as mild, moderate or severe based on the results. Mild, moderate or severe PD was observed in dogs with NRF, whereas dogs with CRF presented either mild or severe PD. Dogs with NRF showed higher involvement of the maxillary teeth, whereas dogs with CRF showed a higher involvement of the mandibular teeth. Plaque index was significantly higher in dogs with NRF. It was concluded that lesion distribution and periodontal disease progression may be altered in dogs with CRF, and gingival inflammatory response differs in dogs with NRF and CRF regarding to the stage of periodontal disease.