Evaluation of the sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of dexmedetomidine, dexmedetomidine-butorphanol, and dexmedetomidine-ketamine in cats

Selmi, André Luís; Mendes, Guilherme Maia; Lins, Bruno Testoni; Figueiredo, Juliana Peboni; Barbudo-Selmi, Glenda Ramalho

doi:10.2460/javma.2003.222.37

Cited by 84 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Ketamine is a dissociative anaesthetic with analgesic properties. Results from the study of Selmi and others (2003) suggest that, in cats, the administration of dexmedetomidine combined with ketamine resulted in improved sedation, without clinically important cardiovascular effects than was achieved with dexmedetomidine alone. Ketamine may increase the heart rate and myocardial contractility through sympathetic stimulatory effects (Child and others 1972); therefore, it might be able to partially compensate for the cardiovascular effects induced by the α 2 agonist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and optimisation of propofol pharmacokinetic parameters in cats for target‐controlled infusion

et al. 2016

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The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a pharmacokinetic model-driven infusion of propofol in premedicated cats. In a first step, propofol (10 mg/kg) was administered intravenously over 60 seconds to induce anaesthesia for the elective neutering of seven healthy cats, premedicated intramuscularly with 0.3 mg/kg methadone, 0.01 mg/kg medetomidine and 2 mg/kg ketamine. Venous blood samples were collected over 240 minutes, and propofol concentrations were measured via a validated high-performance liquid chromatography assay. Selected pharmacokinetic parameters, determined by a three-compartment open linear model, were entered into a computer-controlled infusion pump (target-controlled infusion-1 (TCI-1)). In a second step, TCI-1 was used to induce and maintain general anaesthesia in nine cats undergoing neutering. Predicted and measured plasma concentrations of propofol were compared at specific time points. In a third step, the pharmacokinetic parameters were modified according to the results from the use of TCI-1 and were evaluated again in six cats. For this TCI-2 group, the median values of median performance error and median absolute performance error were -1.85 per cent and 29.67 per cent, respectively, indicating that it performed adequately. Neither hypotension nor respiratory depression was observed during TCI-1 and TCI-2. Mean anaesthesia time and time to extubation in the TCI-2 group were 73.90 (±20.29) and 8.04 (±5.46) minutes, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and optimisation of propofol pharmacokinetic parameters in cats for target‐controlled infusion

et al. 2016

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“…The three studied protocols provide deep sedation and the degree of sedation achieved was not different. Deeper sedation in cats sedated with dexmedetomidine/butorphanol when compared to cats sedated only with dexmedetomidine has been reported (Selmi et al. , 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 2010). Opioid/alpha 2 agonist combinations provide good sedation and analgesia (Selmi et al. , 2003; Slingsby et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sedative effects of dexmedetomidine, dexmedetomidine–pethidine and dexmedetomidine–butorphanol in cats

Nagore

Soler

Gil

et al. 2012

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical effects of dexmedetomidine, both alone and combined with pethidine or butorphanol, in cats. A prospective randomized blind study was performed. Thirty cats were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 animals: D: dexmedetomidine (20 μg/kg IM); DP: dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg IM) and pethidine (2.5 mg/kg IM); DB: dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg IM) and butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg IM). Quality of sedation, analgesia, muscle relaxation and the possibility of performing some clinical procedures were compared using a multifactorial scale. Sedation, analgesia and muscle relaxation increased progressively over time and did not differ in the three protocols. The three protocols facilitated the completion of several clinical procedures. The clinical variables studied showed a similar behaviour in the three protocols and remained close to the baseline, except for a drop in heart rate in protocol D. In conclusion, dexmedetomidine, either alone or combined with pethidine or butorphanol, offers suitable sedation, analgesia and relaxation to perform various clinical procedures in cats.

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“…1". As reported in previous studies (Kallio et al, 1989;Ansah et al, 1998;Lamont et al, 2001;Mendes et al, 2003;Selmi et al, 2003) marked decrease in heart rate and cardiac output, increase in total vascular resistance and transient mild changes in blood pressure, are expected dose-dependent effects of dexmedetomidine administration. The effect of alpha 2 agonist on blood pressure are defined by two stages: An initial phase characterized by peripheral vasoconstriction, increase blood pressure and reflex bradycardia and another subsequent phase with a reduction of sympathetic tone and hypotension (Herbert et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…They provide deep sedation, muscle relaxation and even analgesia, by acting on nociceptive neural pathways at the spinal cord level and the upper spinal level (Pertovaara, 1993). Dexmedetomidine is a relatively new alpha 2 adrenergic agonist; it is the active optical enantiomer isolated from the racemic compound medetomidine (MacDonald et al, 1991;Selmi et al, 2003). Efficacy of dexmedetomidine has been demonstrated by several studies in cats (Ansah et al, 1998;Mendes et al, 2003;Granholm et al, 2006) however dexmedetomidine has also important cardiovascular and respiratory side effects, such as peripheral vascular resistance increase, bradycardia, decrease in cardiac output and respiratory depression (Pypendop et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methadone and Dexmedetomidine Combination as Premedicant Agents for Ovariectomy in Cats

Briganti¹,

Breghi²,

Vannozzi³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Abstract:The purpose of this study was to assess sedative and analgesic effects produced by the association of methadone and dexmedetomidine, administered intramuscularly as premedication for ovariectomy in cats. Twenty-four healthy cats were enrolled in the study. The values of heart and respiratory rate were recorded as Tbase. Cats received methadone 0.5 mg kg −1 and dexmedetomidine 5 mcg kg −1 IM. Sedation and ease for catheterization were scored using a simple descriptive scale ranging from 0 (no sedation) to 3 (profound sedation) and 0 (very difficult) to 3 (very easy). General anesthesia was induced with propofol and after endotracheal intubation it was maintained with isoflurane. During the surgery Heart Rate (HR), Respiratory Rate (RR), hemoglobin oxygen saturation, Doppler blood pressure, expiratory isoflurane percentage and end tidal of carbon dioxide were recorded every five minutes. At the end of the surgery all animals received robenacoxib 2 mg kg −1 subcutaneously. Recovery was scored using a simple descriptive scale ranging from 0 (poor) to 3 (excellent). The median sedation score was 2 (range 0-3); the only adverse effect associated with the premedication was vomiting occurred in 20% of the cats. No animals became excited after premedication. The median ease for catheterization was 3 (range 1-3). After premedication HR and RR showed a decrease of 28% and of 32%, respectively, in comparison to Tbase values. The median recovery score was 3 (range 1-3). No animal required additional analgesia after the surgery. The association of dexmedetomidine 5 mcg kg −1 and methadone 0.5 mg kg −1 employed in this study resulted in overall good sedation quality without any major adverse reaction. The onset of sedation was quite fast (about 7 min), suggesting synergic effect of the two molecules. Most of cats showed an easy catheterization and the recovery was excellent for the majority of cases.

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Evaluation of the sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of dexmedetomidine, dexmedetomidine-butorphanol, and dexmedetomidine-ketamine in cats

Abstract: Results suggested that in cats, administration of dexmedetomidine combined with butorphanol or ketamine resulted in more adequate sedation, without clinically important cardiovascular effects, than was achieved with dexmedetomidine alone.

Cited by 84 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluation and optimisation of propofol pharmacokinetic parameters in cats for target‐controlled infusion

Evaluation and optimisation of propofol pharmacokinetic parameters in cats for target‐controlled infusion

Sedative effects of dexmedetomidine, dexmedetomidine–pethidine and dexmedetomidine–butorphanol in cats

Methadone and Dexmedetomidine Combination as Premedicant Agents for Ovariectomy in Cats

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