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It is possible to design employment benefits that ameliorate socioeconomic determinants of health and are acceptable to low-income employees. These benefit packages can be provided at the cost of benefit packages currently available to some low-income employees.

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To the Editor,We read with great interest the recent article in Chronic Respiratory Disease regarding outcomes in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) treated with full-time ventilation either by tracheostomy or noninvasive ventilation (NIV). 1 As the authors noted, randomization of patients into a study comparing invasive and noninvasive ventilation would be unethical. We, therefore, applaud the author's use of a nonrandomized, controlled pro-

Healthcare deficiencies in the United States have long been perpetuated by a shortage of primary care providers. A core purpose of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) is to provide health insurance for America's approximately fifty million uninsured. Implementation of universal health insurance, however, does not mean sufficient healthcare access for all, since the supply of physicians does not and will not meet demand. For reasons reviewed in this Article, the current physician shortage mainly impacts primary care providers. This shortage is particularly troubling because increased provision of primary care relative to specialty care has been associated with improvement in health outcomes, disease prevention, cost effectiveness, and coordination of care. This Article highlights provisions in the PPACA that impact primary care physicians. Finally, this Article proposes the creation of a universal primary care loan repayment program and a national residency exchange designed to alleviate the U.S. primary care crisis by facilitating optimal distribution of resident physicians in each medical specialty based on community need.

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The American legal system is unable to continue avoiding the question of art versus non-art. In particular, questions of copyrightability often hinge on art-status. Yet art is a constantly evolving, reflexive field in which artists and philosophers continually challenge the status quo. Judges would benefit from analyzing claims to artstatus under the objectivity provided by well-developed aesthetic theories, aided by expert testimony when needed After reviewing several major philosophies of art, this Article proposes a framework for adjudicating art-status based on an aesthetic theory known as the Historical Definition of Art. Furthermore, to balance copyright law's purpose of protecting innovation with its need to promote public availability of copyrighted works, this Article proposes the creation of a new statutory exception to provide a defense for "utilitarian adaptations" of copyrighted three-dimensional works. This statutory defense would serve to encourage innovation and stimulate production of novel goods.