This study aimed to evaluate sexing techniques for juvenile Lophiosilurus alexandri. With this aim, we evaluated three techniques: coelioscopy, performed with the use of video surgery equipment; coeliotomy, a surgical procedure for direct visualization of the gonads; and sex determination using a urethral probe to compare the genital papillae. For coelioscopy, the survival rate was 100% 30 days after the procedure, and the fish restarted eating 10 days after surgery. This technique resulted in a 100% correct identification of individuals identified as females, whereas for males, it was 66.6%. There was no significant difference between males and females for anesthesia induction and recovery times. However, the procedure took longer for males because of the difficulty in observing the gonads, which can be attributed to the large amount of visceral fat in males. Coeliotomy also resulted in a 100% survival rate 30 days after surgery, and the efficiency of this technique was 96.3% for males and 93.9% for females. The fish restarted eating between 10 and 14 days after surgery, and there were no significant differences between males and females for anesthesia induction and recovery times for the surgical procedure to visualize the gonads (P > 0.05). The urethral probe technique was less efficient with an accuracy rate of 67.8% and 81.8% for males and females, respectively. We conclude that coeliotomy was more efficient for sexing both sexes of juvenile L. alexandri.

Resumo Visto como um dos principais problemas econômicos e sanitários nas propriedades brasileiras, a mastite bovina mostra-se como uma doença de grande prevalência dentre os animais de produção. Um dos principais gargalos referente a tal enfermidade é a resistência antimicrobiana, em especial, quando a etiologia está associada a bactéria Staphylococcus aureus. Nessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo discorrer sobre o perfil de resistência de S. aureus e alguns fatores envolvidos. Para tal, os dados foram apresentados na forma de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, tendo como embasamento estudos indexados as plataformas: Portal de Periódicos CAPES-MEC e SciELO. Foi verificado na pesquisa bibliográfica um acentuado perfil de resistência antimicrobiana do S. aureus, sendo os antibióticos menos eficazes a Penicilina e Ampicilina e o de melhor eficácia no tratamento a Cefalotina. Outros dados compilados foram: o de que animais mais velhos possuem maior chance de apresentarem resistência aos tratamentos antimicrobianos e de que em algumas situações o custo-benefício do tratamento de mastite subclínica por S. aureus não traz retornos econômicos, mas somente na melhoria da qualidade do leite. Nesse contexto, ressalta-se a importância de novas pesquisas para traçar a evolução da resistência antimicrobiana do S. aureus, bem como fomentar atividades extencionistas para educação no campo sobre os corretos procedimentos terapêuticos da mastite bovina.

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Obesity is one of the most important nutritional disorders affecting domestic cats, and has a multifactorial etiology. Main risk factors include age, breed, gender, neutering, type of food, and frequency of feeding. In addition to the metabolic syndrome, obesity is associated to development of orthopedic diseases and skin disorders. Obesity increases anesthetic risk and decreases longevity and quality of live. Body condition score is the standard method of diagnosis, and treatment consists in dietary energy restriction and exercise programs. Prevention is paramount to disease control. In this article we review the current literature related to feline obesity and highlight its prevalence and etiology, as well as the role of adipose tissue – as an endocrine organ –, in the diseases. Comorbidities, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention are discussed.