“…Several methods have been used to identify the sex of fish, including the dosage of sex steroids, such as testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone and 17β-estradiol (Chu-Koo et al, 2009;Viayeh, Webb, Hallajian, Kazemi, & Yali, 2006); ultrasound imaging (Martin, Myers, Sower, Phillips, & McAuley, 1983;Rotta, Pedroso, & Acorci, 2007); coeliotomy (Filho et al, 2016); endoscopy (Chaves, Gheller, Teixeira, & Luz, 2015;Falahatkar & Poursaeid, 2013); gonadal biopsy (Alam & Nakamura, 2008;Falahatkar, Akhavan, Gilani, & Abbasalizadeh, 2013); morphometric parameters (Viayeh et al, 2006); and DNA markers (Griffiths, Orr, Adam, & Barber, 2000). Amongst these, only ultrasound imaging is used in tuviras, which has a success rate of 98% (Rotta et al, 2007).…”