PurposeThe aim of this study is to show that the differences among eating behaviours are related to the emotional dysregulation connected to the mental dimensions being part of the obese psychopathology. Eating behaviours can be considered a diagnostic feature at the initial screening for determining the obesity treatment: nutritional or bariatric surgery. Methods1828 Obese subjects underwent psychiatric assessment before entering obesity nutritional treatment or bariatric surgery following the multidisciplinary programme. 1121 subjects were selected and enrolled in this study: 850 were inpatients visited or hospitalised at the Obesity Centre or at the Bariatric Surgery Units, 271 were outpatients visited at the Eating Disorder and Obesity Unit. Psychiatric examination was used to exclude psychiatric disorders and investigate eating behaviours distinguished on the basis of food intake rhythm in: gorging, snacking, grazing and binge. They are related to the mental dimensions: impulsiveness, body image, mood and anxiety, taking part in the emotional regulation system. Specific psychometric tools were used to investigate the different mental dimensions of the single eating behaviours and their differences. Statistical analysis of the psychopathological features was performed using ANOVA, ANCOVA, Levene test, Bonferroni’s and Tamhane post hoc test. Significance was set at p < 0.05. ResultsData analysis shows significant differences of psychopathology among all the eating behaviours and an increase in the emotional dysregulation determining maladaptive behaviours.DiscussionEating behaviours are connected to the balance of the different features of mental dimensions implicated in the emotional regulation system. They could provide significant clinical information and therefore be part of the obesity diagnostic criteria and therapeutic programme.

Objectives To evaluate the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) by comparing the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) tests, assessing their dependence with pain, anxiety and depression and, secondly, to analyse the changes in time after treatment with psychotropic drugs. Methods Twenty‐six patients and 26 controls were included. The GOHAI, OHIP‐14, visual analogue scale (VAS) and the Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression and Anxiety (HAM‐D and HAM‐A) were performed at baseline (time 0) and after 6 months of treatment (time 1). Descriptive statistics, the Mann‐Whitney non‐parametric test for two independent samples and the Wilcoxon non‐parametric test for two paired samples were used. Results The scores from all outcome measurements were statistically significantly different between the cases and controls (P < .001) with a strong correlation between the GOHAI and the OHIP‐14 (P < .001). The BMS patients showed a statistically significant improvement in the VAS, HAM‐D and HAM‐A scores from time 0 to time 1 (P < 0.001), and in the OHIP‐14 scores (P < .004**) after the treatment, but no statistically significant difference in the GOHAI score (.464). Conclusions Burning mouth syndrome patients showed poorer scores on all scales compared to the healthy subjects with a lower OHRQoL. OHIP‐14 gives a greater weight to psychological and behavioural outcomes in evaluating oral health than GOHAI, and therefore, it is a more effective questionnaire in terms of the evaluation of the treatment response. The management of BMS can improve pain, anxiety and depression and the OHRQoL.

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Our study provides further evidence of the critical role played by folate pathway enzymes in the outcome of ALL, possibly through the interference of MTX.

Objectives This randomized open‐label trial compared the efficacy and tolerability of vortioxetine (15 mg/daily) with different antidepressants in the treatment of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Methods One and hundred fifty BMS patients were randomized into five groups and treated with either vortioxetine, paroxetine (20 mg/daily), sertraline (50 mg/daily), escitalopram (10 mg/daily) or duloxetine (60 mg/daily). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Total Pain Rating Index (T‐PRI), Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression (HAM‐D) and Anxiety (HAM‐A), and Clinical Global Impression Improvement (CGI‐I) and Efficacy scales (CGI‐E) were performed at baseline and after 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of treatment. Any adverse events (AEs) were tabulated for each group. Descriptive statistics, including the Kruskal–Wallis non‐parametric test and the Friedman non‐parametric test for median comparisons between different times, were used. Results All the antidepressants (AD) were associated with a significant decrease in the VAS, T‐PRI, HAM‐A, HAM‐D, CGI‐I, and CGI‐E scores in the long‐term (p < .001). However, the response rate of the vortioxetine group showed a significant reduction after six months. The medians, after 6 months, were as follows: VAS 0.0; T‐PRI 2.0; HAM‐A 7.0; HAM‐D 7.0; CGI‐I 1.0; and CGI‐E 1.0 with a lower incidence of AEs (p < .019). Conclusion Vortioxetine was efficacious with a shorter latency of action and fewer AEs compared with other ADs.