Na maior parte do século XX, as políticas nacionais de saúde da mulher estiveram voltadas ao ciclo gravídico-puerperal. A partir de 1984, uma proposta de atendimento integral ganhou corpo no então Programa de Assistência Integral à Saúde da Mulher (PAISM) e, em 2004, emergiu uma proposta que prioriza a promoção da saúde, por meio da Política Nacional de Assistência Integral à Saúde da Mulher (PNAISM). Com este trabalho, objetivou-se analisar, epistemologicamente, os pressupostos da promoção da saúde da PNAISM. Estudo reflexivo, baseado nos princípios e diretrizes da PNAISM e nos pressupostos da promoção da saúde apresentados nas cartas resultantes das conferências sobre promoção da saúde. A PNAISM apresenta-se de forma inovadora ao contemplar aspectos relacionados à promoção e humanização da saúde a fim de minimizar iniqüidades existentes na saúde da mulher, atendendo grupos até então alijados da sociedade e áreas antes pouco assistidas. Palavras-chave: Saúde da mulher; Promoção da saúde; Políticas Públicas de Saúde.

RESUMO Objetivos:Identificar o acometimento de risco nutricional em gestantes adolescentes; averiguar hábitos alimentares; e verificar percepções destes quanto à importância de nutrição adequada na gravidez. Métodos: Estudo de campo realizado no Centro de Desenvolvimento Familiar, em Fortaleza-CE, com 40 gestantes adolescentes. A avaliação nutricional foi efetuada com o auxílio do "Gráfico de acompanhamento nutricional da gestante" e os hábitos alimentares foram conferidos pela "Técnica de alimentação diária habitual". Resultados: Vinte (50%) adolescentes apresentaram peso adequado, 11(27,5%) baixo peso e 9 (22,5%) sobrepeso. Prevaleceram massas, carnes, gorduras, doces e baixo consumo de frutas e verduras; 33 (82,5%) tinham a percepção de que a alimentação deve ser "diferente" na gravidez e 28 (70%) afirmaram ter feito mudanças nos hábitos alimentares no pré-natal. Conclusão: O acometimento de risco nutricional entre adolescentes gestantes se revelou em situações de sobrepeso, baixo peso, dietas pouco diversificadas e desinformação. Descritores: Avaliação nutricional; Nutrição do adolescente; Gravidez na adolescência; Perfil de saúde; Cuidado pré-natal ABSTRACT Objectives: To identify nutritional risks among pregnant teenagers and to explore teenagers' perceptions of nutritional needs during pregnancy. Methods: The study was conducted among 40 pregnant teenagers from the "Centro de Desenvolvimento Familiar" in Fortaleza, CE. Nutrition was assessed with a nutrition guide for pregnant women and a food diary. Results: Twenty pregnant teenagers (50%) had an adequate body weight. Eleven of them (27.5%) were underweight, and 9 (22.5%) were overweight. Food most consumed by the pregnant teenagers included pastas, meat, fats, and sweets. There was a low consumption of fruits and vegetables. The majority of the sample (82.5%) had perceptions that eating habits must be different during pregnancy and 28 (70%) reported making changes in their eating habits during the prenatal. Conclusion: Nutritional risks were evident, a great number of pregnant teenagers were overweight or underweight, low variety in food consumption, and lack of information. Keywords: Nutrition assessment; Adolescent nutrition; Pregnancy in adolescence; Health profile; Prenatal care RESUMEN Objetivos: Identificar el riesgo nutricional en gestantes adolescentes; averiguar hábitos alimenticios; y verificar percepciones de éstos en cuanto a la importancia de una nutrición adecuada en el embarazo. Método: Se trata de un estudio de campo realizado en el Centro de Desarrollo Familiar, en Fortaleza-CE, con 40 gestantes adolescentes. La evaluación nutricional se llevó a cabo con el auxilio del "Gráfico de acompañamiento nutricional de la gestante" y los hábitos alimenticios fueron conferidos por la "Técnica de alimentación diaria habitual". Resultados: Veinte (50%) adolescentes presentaron peso adecuado, 11(27,5%) bajo peso y 9 (22,5%) sobre peso. Prevalecieron pastas, carnes, grasas, dulces y bajo consumo de frutas y verduras; 33 (82,5%) tenían la percepción d...

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the intrauterine administration use of 200 mL of 50% dextrose solution as a treatment against clinical endometritis (CE); CE cure rate and reproductive performance were evaluated. Additionally, the association of several relevant risk factors, such as retained placenta (RP), metritis, CE, anovulation, hyperketonemia, and body condition score with reproductive performance, early embryonic mortality, and CE were evaluated. A total of 1,313 Holstein cows housed on 4 commercial dairy farms were enrolled in the study. At 7±3 DIM cows were examined for metritis and had blood collected to determine serum β-hydroxybutyrate concentration. To determine if cows had ovulated at least once before 44±3 DIM, the presence of a corpus luteum was evaluated by ovarian ultrasonography at 30±3 DIM and at 44±3 DIM. At 30±3 DIM, CE was diagnosed using the Metricheck device (SimcroTech, Hamilton, New Zealand); cows with purulent or mucopurulent vaginal discharge were diagnosed as having CE. Cows diagnosed with CE (n=175) were randomly allocated into 2 treatment groups: treatment (intrauterine infusion of 200 mL of 50% dextrose) or control (no infusion). Clinical endometritis cows were re-evaluated as described above at 44±3 DIM, and cows that were free of purulent or mucopurulent vaginal discharge were considered cured. Intrauterine infusion of dextrose tended to have a detrimental effect on CE cure rate, and treatment did not have an effect on first-service conception rate and early embryonic mortality. A multivariable Cox's proportional hazard model was performed to evaluate the effect of several variables on reproductive performance; the variables RP, CE, parity, anovulation, and the interaction term between parity and anovulation were associated with hazard of pregnancy. Cows that did not have RP or CE were more likely to conceive than cows that were diagnosed with RP or CE. Cows that had RP were at 3.36 times higher odds of losing their pregnancy than cows that did not have RP. In addition, cows diagnosed with CE were at 2.16 higher odds of losing their pregnancy than cows without CE. In conclusion, intrauterine infusion of 200 mL of 50% dextrose solution as a treatment for CE had a strong statistical tendency to decrease CE cure rate, did not improve first-service conception rate and early embryonic mortality, and did not decrease calving-to-conception interval.

RESUMO:Objetivou-se investigar a correlação entre consumo de água das cisternas e comportamento da diarréia infantil. Estudo quantitativo, transversal, realizado em Canindé-CE, com 56 famílias. As principais fontes de água utilizadas antes da construção das cisternas foram cacimbão (21-37,5%) e açude (17-30,4%). Verificou-se correlação linear, inversamente proporcional e estatisticamente significante, entre a taxa de diarréia infantil e o número de cisternas construídas por ano (r=-0,943; p=0,001). A cloração foi o principal tipo de tratamento da água, antes (46-82,1%) e depois (37-66%) da aquisição das cisternas, porém com diluição incorreta (41-89,2%). As cisternas de captação de água pluvial refletiram na melhoria da saúde infantil na região, contudo a população ainda necessita melhorar as medidas de tratamento da água consumida.DESCRITORES: Diarréia infantil. Abastecimento rural de água. Tratamento da água. Água potável. Enfermagem. BEHAVIOR OF CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA BEFORE AND AFTER CONSUMPTION OF RAINWATER IN THE CITY OF SEMI-ARID OF BRAZILABSTRACT: Aimed to investigate the correlation between water tanks and infant diarrhea. Quantitative and transversal study, held in Canindé-CE, Brazil, with 56 families. The main sources of water used before the construction of tanks were "cacimbão" (21-37.5%) and dam (17-30.4%). There was a linear inverse correlation and relation statistically significant between the rates of infant diarrhea and the number of tanks built (r =-0.943; p=0.001). Chlorination was the main type of water treatment before (46-82,1%) and after (37-66%) of the acquisition of the tank, but with incorrect dilution (41-89,2%). Tanks to capture rainwater reflected in an improvement of child health in the region, but people still need to improve the treatment steps of water to be consumed. El estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la correlación entre el consumo de agua de los tanques y el comportamiento de la diarrea infantil. Es un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, realizado en Canindé-CE, Brasil, con 56 familias. Las principales fuentes de agua utilizadas antes de la construcción de los tanques, fueron "cacimbão" (21-37,5%) y presa (17-30,4%). Se verificó una correlación linear inversa y estadísticamente significativa entre las tasas de diarrea infantil y el número de tanques construidos por año (r= -0,943; p=0,001) y estadísticamente significativa (p= 0,001). La cloración fue el principal tratamiento del agua antes (46-82,1%) y después (37-66%) de la adquisición del tanque, pero con dilución incorrecta (41-89,2%). El uso de las cisternas para captar el agua de la lluvia se refleja en la mejora de la salud infantil en la región, sin embargo, las personas todavía necesitan mejorar las medidas para el tratamiento del agua potable. DESCRIPTORS:DESCRIPTORES: Diarrea infantil. Abastecimiento rural de agua. Tratamiento del agua. Agua potable. Enfermería.

Estudo transversal, de campo, com abordagem quantitativa. Objetivou-se identificar experiências pessoais de enfermeiros com aleitamento materno e com o método da Lactação com Amenorréia (LAM); conhecer motivos para a não adoção do aleitamento materno ou adoção do aleitamento misto; estabelecer a relação entre a experiência pessoal de enfermeiros com a LAM e a orientação desta forma de anticoncepção à clientela da UBS. Estudo realizado com 137 enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família de Fortaleza-CE, por meio de entrevista. Houve predominância do sexo feminino, com 121 participantes (88,3%). A faixa etária variou de 26 a 59 anos, com média de 38,3. 66 entrevistados (94,2%) tiveram experiência com aleitamento e destes 61 (92,4%) realizaram Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo (AME), 5 (7,6%) AMM; 4 (5,8%) não amamentaram. O tempo de AME variou de um a seis meses, com média de 4,31 meses. Doze (19,6%) usaram a LAM. O estudo demonstrou que a experiência pessoal de enfermeiros com a LAM não influenciou na promoção deste método entre a clientela assistida por esses profissionais.

Trata-se do relato da experiência vivenciada como docente de enfermagem, sobre o ensino de cuidados para os familiares acompanhantes dos pacientes internados que apresentavam lesão medular, decorrente de traumatismo raquimedular. O trabalho foi realizado em um hospital de emergência e trauma da cidade de Fortaleza-Ceará, cenário de desenvolvimento das atividades práticas da disciplina Enfermagem do Processo de Cuidar II, ofertada para alunos do 5º Semestre do Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem da Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Ceará. A avaliação da aprendizagem retrata que aprender cuidados é: complicado, cansativo , simples, recompensador e agradável. Essa modalidade de ensino apresenta-se como subsídios para buscar uma melhor qualidade de vida dos pacientes e dos familiares das pessoas com lesão medular.

Objective: to evaluate the use of an online forum for people with myelomeningocele and their families and the profile of the users, based on intermittent catheterization. Method: a quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive and exploratory study. Data was collected from users of the online forum, based on an online questionnaire available from March 20 to April 20, 2015. Sample consisted of 30 users. Descriptive statistical data analyses and chi-square test were performed. Results: among users, 27% were people with myelomeningocele and 73% were family members. Age, considering the total sample, ranged from 22 to 58 years old. Women represented 67% of the sample. Most users considered the language used in the forum understandable, and also thought the forum had a proper layout and was easy to navigate. It was noted that the mother and the person with myelomeningocele are the main responsible people for intermittent catheterization; 86% use a simple plastic catheter and 14% use a hydrophilic catheter; 81% do not reuse the catheter, 10% use the same catheter for one day and 9% for up to one week. The main place chosen to perform intermittent catheterization was the bed, followed by the toilet and wheelchairs. Conclusion: the use of the online forum was well evaluated by the users. It can be considered a means to obtain information, create a support network and clarify any doubts, empowering users and contributing to adherence to intermittent catheterization, which is one of the treatments for neurogenic bladder.

Meningomyelocele is a congenital defect involving the central nervous system which is one of the most common among those compatible with life. Children affected by this condition present neurological, orthopedic, renal and urogenital complications, needing lifelong healthcare provisions. The aim of this study was to analyze the reality experienced by children and adolescents with meningomyelocele and their families in the city of Belo Horizonte and its metropolitan area, Brazil. A descriptive and exploratory study was conducted via three home visits and a scripted interview with 16 children and adolescents with meningomyelocele and their families. It was observed that mean age of children and adolescents was 12 years old, most of them did not walk (n = 10), and depended on wheel chairs and parental care. Mothers represented the main caregivers and most (n = 12) had to leave their formal work outside of the home, compromising family income. It concluded that the families had socioeconomic levels aggravated by difficulties in purchasing materials needed for their children's care. Some social challenges included barriers to education and the acquisition of medications and materials, demonstrating the need for planning public policies aimed at integrating different health services. G. L. de Freitas et al.560