Summary In ecological modeling of the habitat of a species, it can be prohibitively expensive to determine species absence. Presence-only data consist of a sample of locations with observed presences and a separate group of locations sampled from the full landscape, with unknown presences. We propose an expectation–maximization algorithm to estimate the underlying presence–absence logistic model for presence-only data. This algorithm can be used with any off-the-shelf logistic model. For models with stepwise fitting procedures, such as boosted trees, the fitting process can be accelerated by interleaving expectation steps within the procedure. Preliminary analyses based on sampling from presence–absence records of fish in New Zealand rivers illustrate that this new procedure can reduce both deviance and the shrinkage of marginal effect estimates that occur in the naive model often used in practice. Finally, it is shown that the population prevalence of a species is only identifiable when there is some unrealistic constraint on the structure of the logistic model. In practice, it is strongly recommended that an estimate of population prevalence be provided.

Introduction: Children with developmental coordination disorder are frequently referred to an occupational therapist. However, while there is a growing body of research about developmental coordination disorder, there is a paucity of research from the perspective of adolescents living with the condition. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the experience of teenagers living with developmental coordination disorder from their own perspective. This article presents findings from interviews with teenagers aged 13 years. Method: The research adopted an interpretive phenomenological approach. Semi-structured interviews were carried out to examine the personal experiences of six individuals diagnosed with developmental coordination disorder. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using in-depth ideographic, inductive and interrogative techniques. Findings: All participants felt that the visible and hidden effects of their condition had an impact on their relationships with peers and family members. Three sub-themes emerged: (1) relationships with peers; (2) relationships with parents and (3) relationships with siblings. Conclusion: Participants described how their personal attributes, shared interests and the attitudes of others affected their relationships and social participation at home, at school and in the community. Understanding the issues that matter to teenagers with developmental coordination disorder will help occupational therapists to offer advice and meaningful interventions that increase teenagers' social confidence and participation.

Clinical Scholar and his research interests lie in health care inequalities, improving equity and accessibility in health care, particularly in relation to the physical healthcare needs of people with mental ill health and learning disabilities. His methodological specialisms lie in arts-based research methods, co-creation and participatory methods.

The concept of formal or standardized tests for assessing function came to the fore in the 1960s. Katz et al. acknowledged the hierarchical nature of activities of daily living (ADL) such as eating, continence, transferring, going to the toilet, dressing and bathing in his ’Index of ADL’ and by 1968 ‘ADL’ was an accepted Index Medicus category. The definition of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) began in 1969 with the work of Lawton and Brody who presented two scales to assess function which recognized the different degrees of complexity required for performing functional tasks. The first scale, taking life maintenance and activities essential for self-care as the primary level, was called the Physical Self-Maintenance Scale.

We performed a prospective, randomised trial comparing three treatments for displaced intracapsular fractures of the hip in 280 patients aged 65 to 79 years. The mean patient survival was significantly higher in the group undergoing reduction and internal fixation (79 months) compared with that with a cemented Thompson hemiarthroplasty or a cemented Monk bipolar hemiarthroplasty (61 months and 68 months, respectively). After three years, 32 of 93 patients (34.4%) who had undergone fixation had local complications, necessitating further intervention in 28 (30%). There were no significant differences in the functional outcome in survivors, who were reviewed annually to five years. Either reduction and internal fixation or cemented hemiarthroplasty may be offered as alternative treatments for a displaced intracapsular fracture in a mobile and mentally competent patient under the age of 80 years. The choice of procedure by the patient and the surgeon should be determined by the realisation that the use of internal fixation is associated with a 30% risk of failure requiring further surgery. If this is accepted, however, hemiarthroplasty is avoided, which, in our study has a significantly shorter mean survival time. The use of a bipolar prosthesis has no significant advantage.

Introduction Developmental coordination disorder is a common disorder of childhood. Little is known about adolescence, however, and research typically reflects professionals’ and parents’ perspectives. This study explored how life is experienced by teenagers with developmental coordination disorder from their own contemporaneous perspective. Methods The study was guided by the principles of interpretative phenomenological analysis and a reference group of older teenagers with developmental coordination disorder. A total of 16 interviews were carried out with nine teenagers aged 13–15 years over a 2-year period, offering the opportunity to examine changes in their experience over time. Accounts were subjected to a systematic process of ideographic, inductive and interpretative analysis. Findings Themes revealed were: ‘Doing everything the hard way’; ‘I didn’t want to be seen as anyone different’; ‘I’m an intelligent person but I can’t even write’; ‘Right help, right time’ and ‘Making sense of the diagnosis’. Self-efficacy was a strong recurring theme, influencing participants’ motivation for and participation in daily activities, and affecting teenagers’ sense of resilience, agency, ambition and identity. This article describes the development of a conceptual framework illustrating patterns and connections that occurred across the study themes. The conceptual framework is offered as a novel means of illustrating the complex interaction of factors representing the lived experience of teenagers with developmental coordination disorder. Conclusion This study furthers understanding of developmental coordination disorder in adolescence. The conceptual framework is firmly grounded in teenagers’ experience and illustrates the complex interaction of factors influencing teenagers’ lives. The study suggests avenues for intervention and research, and highlights the need for interventions that build teenagers’ self-efficacy to promote positive futures for teenagers with developmental coordination disorder.

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significant body of information related to ethical approaches and well-established codes of conduct for different professional bodies (e.g., BPS 2018, UKRI) to guide research, we argue that it can be difficult to draw this information together, extract the key principles, and then apply them when guiding the setup and running of an emerging living lab.