Organic solar cells based on poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b′]dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) and [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) were fabricated by emulsion-based, resonant infrared matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (RIR-MAPLE). Two different deposition modes, namely simultaneous deposition and sequential deposition, were investigated for fabricating bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells. This work demonstrates that the RIR-MAPLE sequential deposition mode provides precise ratio control for the fabrication of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells.
In this work, an approach for enabling miniaturized, low-voltage hardware for active structural health monitoring (SHM) based on ultrasonic guided waves is investigated. The proposed technique relies on S-parameter measurements instead of time-domain pulsing and thereby trades off longer measurement times with lower actuation voltages for improved compatibility with dense complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chip integration. To demonstrate the feasibility of this method, we present results showing the successful localization of defects in aluminum and carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) test structures using S-parameter measurements. The S-parameter measurements were made on benchtop vector network analyzers that actuate the piezoelectric transducers at output voltage amplitudes as low as 1.264 Vpp.
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