Objectives: to evaluate the evolution of clinical indicators that characterize airway permeability in patients in the postoperative period of thoracoabdominal surgeries and to analyze their relationship with the occurrence of the diagnosis “ineffective airway clearance”. Methods: descriptive, quantitative, longitudinal research with 60 patients who were followed for five consecutive days. Eleven indicators of the nursing outcome “respiratory status: airway permeability” were used. Results: on the first day of evaluation, the most compromised indicators were: respiratory rate, cough, depth of breath and use of accessory muscles. During follow-up, most of the indicators presented a slight deviation from normal variation and, in the last evaluation, there was a predominance of indicators with some degree of impairment. Conclusions: with the aid of the Nursing Outcomes Classification, it was observed that patients submitted to thoracoabdominal surgeries may present compromised airway permeability even days after surgery.

Objectives: to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution of leprosy in a priority municipality for leprosy control. Methods: ecological study, conducted in a city in the Northeast of Brazil, whose analysis units were census sectors. The study used compulsory notification data for cases registered between 2008 and 2017. TerraView software and the Batch Geocode tool was used for geocoding. The detection of spatial-temporal agglomerations of high relative risks was done by scanning statistics. Results: the spatial-temporal distribution of cases was heterogeneous, creating four agglomerations of high relative risks in the urban area of the municipality between the years 2008 and 2012; and annual prevalence rates classified from high to hyperendemic. Conclusions: areas of higher risk and concentration of the disease in space-time were linked to the characteristics of high population density and social vulnerability of these spaces, raising the prioritization of health professionals’ actions, systems, and services for control, and monitoring the disease.

Objectives: to identify the trend and factors associated with Tuberculosis-Diabetes Mellitus comorbidity in Imperatriz, Maranhão. Methods: epidemiological temporal-series study, conducted in a Northeastern Brazilian municipality. The population consisted of Tuberculosis cases with Diabetes Mellitus-associated aggravation notified in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) between 2009 and 2018. We determined the prevalence and trend of comorbidity using Prais-Winsten regressions and to identify associated factors employed Poisson regression. Results: prevalence ranged from 3.23% in 2014 to 19.51% in 2018, with a mean of 11.5% for the period, showing an increasing trend. Age groups 30 to 59 years and ≥ 60 years, education < 8 years, and clinical form of pulmonary Tuberculosis were risk factors for comorbidity. Conclusions: The increasing trend of comorbidity and its associated factors alert us to the need to improve customer service at all levels of health care.

Objetivo: sintetizar as evidências científicas acerca de características sociodemográficas, indicadores epidemiológicos de morbidade e manifestações clínicas dos casos associados de tuberculose e diabetes mellitus. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura com buscas realizadas nas bases Scopus, Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e nos portais National Library of Medicine, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde Brasil e Scientific Eletronic Library Online, sendo a amostra final foi composta por dezesseis estudos. Resultados: observou-se que a alta prevalência de diabetes contribui para o aumento dos casos de tuberculose. Os pacientes com a comorbidade tendem a apresentar idade avançada, serem do sexo feminino e possuírem renda familiar mais baixa. O diabetes afeta negativamente a gravidade da tuberculose pulmonar, provocando sintomas mais graves. Conclusão: as evidências apontadas têm potencial para guiar as intervenções em saúde e possibilitam a implementação de ações de saúde mais efetivas.

Objective: Investigate the epidemiological profile of tuberculosis in the city of Imperatriz, Maranhão state between 2014 and 2015. Metodology: This is a descriptive epidemiological study with a quantitative approach. Data from the tuberculosis notification sheets of the municipality of Imperatriz byre SINAN were collected between 2014 and 2015, obtaining absolute and relative values of the variables analyzed. Results: The most affected patients were male, color / brown race, low schooling, with age less than or equal to 40 years, the majority were new cases with pulmonary form, the findings evidenced that sputum smear examination was more accomplished than culture and histopathology in reported cases, and HIV testing was done in most cases. Conclusions: The research revealed a profile of the population affected by the disease, evidencing important epidemiological aspects to be considered in terms of management and organization of health services for equity in access and social development.

Objetivo: sintetizar e analisar o uso de técnicas de análise espacial pela enfermagem para compreensão da hanseníase. Método: trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados Medline, e Lilacs e PubMed utilizando-se os Palavras-chave: análise espacial, distribuição espacial, hanseníase, spatial analysis, leprosy, análisis espacial e lepra, realizada em outubro de 2018. Resultados: dos 352 artigos encontrados, 18 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão e todos foram realizados no Brasil.

Introduction: The objective was to analyze the prevalence trend, spatial distribution, and TB-HIV co-infection-associated factors in an endemic scenario for TB in Northeastern Brazil.  Methods: An ecological and temporal series study was conducted based on secondary data obtained from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System between January 2008 and December 2019. The prevalence rates were determined for each year and the average for the period. Prais-Winsten regressions were used for temporal variation analysis, scanning techniques were used to detect spatial clusters, and the Poisson regression model was used to explore the factors associated with the outcome. Results: A total of 947 TB cases were reported, of which 501 (52.9%) underwent HIV testing, and of these, 73 were positive. The average prevalence was 20.0%, ranging from 1.5% in 2018 to 44.4% in 2009. A decreasing trend was found. Sixty-seven cases (92%) were geocoded, and two statistically significant (p < 0.005) high relative risk (RR) spatial clusters were detected. Statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) between the co-infection and variables such as male gender, living in the urban area, entry due to relapse, and case closure due to loss to follow-up were evidenced, and these variables constituted risk factors. Conclusions: A decreasing prevalence of TB-HIV co-infection has been found, as well as a heterogeneous spatial distribution with the formation of spatial clusters in urban areas characterized by socio-spatial inequalities associated with clinical-epidemiological factors. Such findings provide subsidies for rethinking health care activities and improving public policies for vulnerable populations.

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