SYNOPSISSeveral samples of poly(1actic acid) with different molecular weights and tacticity have been prepared, and some PLLA injection moulded specimens have been annealed to promote their crystallization. From the characterization data, poly(L-lactide) showed more interesting mechanical properties than poly(D,L-lactide), and its behavior significantly improves wit.h crystallization. In fact, annealed specimens possess higher values of tensional and flexural modulus of elasticity, Izod impact strength, and heat resistance. The plateau region of flexural strength as a function of molecular weights appears around Mu = 35,000 for PDLLA and amorphous PLLA and at higher molecular weight, around Mu = 55,000, for crystalline PLLA. The study of temperature effect shows that a t 56°C only crystalline PLLA still exhibits useful mechanical properties. 0 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.I NTRODU CTI 0 N Scientific and industrial interest in lactic acid polymers is increasing, not only for biomedical applications, but also for potential large-scale uses, such as packaging and many consumer goods.' In spite of the very good thermoplastic behavior of these materials, the relatively high cost of the intermediate lactide deeply affects the possibility of their commercialization 2-4 : an intensive purification, based on several crystallizations, is in fact generally required for reaching high-molecular-weight polymers and, consequently, useful mechanical properties. In this context, the industrial manufacturing of lactic acid polymers for high volume production should be oriented by evaluating the correlations between molecular weight and characteristics of the material. Moreover, lactic acid crude polymers easily show a thermal degradation during melt processing, 5-7 with relevant reduction of molecular weight. This also affects the properties of these materials with unfavorable consequences in several application fields.The aim of this research was to investigate the * To whom correspondence should be addressed.Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 59,37-43 (1996) 0 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.CCC 0021-8995/96/010037-07 correlation between molecular weight, of poly (L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly (D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) and their mechanical properties. We decided to characterize medium-and low-molecular-weight samples since they can be obtained from monomers having received less purification steps and because they can derive from the degradation of higher molecular weight materials. The polymers were synthesized by ring opening polymerization of L-and D,L-lactide with S n (11) 2-ethylhexanoate (stannous octoate) , iats described in a previous paper8 and generally in the chemical literature.'-" We decided to prepare lower molecular weight samples by extruding the polymers several times without any purification or stabilization step. I t is well known that in these conditions lactic acid polymers exhibit a fast degradati01-1,~'~ especially if it is associated with hydrolitic phenomena.Besides mechanical testing the injection moulded sp...

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Two different types of conduits, one biological, obtained with homologous glutaraldehyde preserved vein segments and the other synthetic bioabsorbable, made with Poly [L-lactide-co-6-caprolactone], were evaluated as guides for nerve repair in alternative to autologous grafts in an experimental animal model. Under general anesthetic, the ischiatic nerve of a number Wistar rats was transected to create a 1 cm gap, which was then repaired by means of the conduits or autologous grafts. Controls were performed at 1, 3 and 6 months; nerve regeneration was effective with both conduits, but the count of myelinated axons showed a significant difference between the synthetic and biological tubes (p < 0.001). The Poly [L-lactide-co-6-caprolactone] guide was still intact 30 days after implant; progressive signs of degradation were present at 90 and 180 days. These results show that the synthetic conduits are better than those obtained with preserved vein segments and might be considered in alternative to autologous grafts in peripheral nerve reconstruction.

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