Background Geranium sibiricum L. has been used as a medicinal plant to treat diarrhea, bacterial infection, and cancer in Bulgaria, Peru, and Korea. However, its hair growth-promoting effect was not investigated so far. This study examined the effects of Geranium sibiricum L. extract (GSE) on hair growth, using in vitro and in vivo models.MethodsAntioxidant, proliferation and migration assay of GSE was performed with human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs). Hair-growth promoting effect was measured in animal model. Relative expression of interleukin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta 1 was determined by real time RT-PCR. Expression of Ki-67 and stem cell factor were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsGSE treatment proliferated and migrated human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) more than treatment of 10 μM minoxidil. GSE significantly stimulated the expression of Ki-67 protein and the mRNA levels of hepatocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in hDPCs. Topical application of 1,000 ppm GSE for 3 weeks promoted more significant hair growth on shaved C57BL/6 mice than did 5% minoxidil. The histological morphology of hair follicles demonstrated an active anagen phase with the induction of stem cell factor. GSE treatment significantly reduced the number of mast cells and the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 in mouse skin tissues.ConclusionsThese results demonstrated that GSE promotes hair growth in vitro and in vivo by regulating growth factors and the cellular response.
The MSP flower extract may have hair growth-promotion activities.
Ophiopogon japonicus is known to have various pharmacological effects. The present study investigated the effects of an extract of fermented Ophiopogon japonicas (FEOJ) on thrombin‑treated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). FEOJ treatment inhibited the proliferation of VSMCs treated with thrombin as indicated by an MTT assay. These inhibitory effects were associated with decreased phosphorylation of AKT, reduced expression of cyclin D1 and increased expression of p27KIP1 in thrombin‑induced VSMCs. In addition, FEOJ treatment suppressed the thrombin‑stimulated migration of VSMCs as demonstrated by a wound‑healing migration assay. Furthermore, zymographic analyses demonstrated that treatment of FEOJ with VSMCs suppressed the thrombin‑induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2, which was attributed to the reduction of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB binding activity. Collectively, these results demonstrated that FEOJ induced p27KIP1 expression, reduced cyclin D1 expression and AKT phosphorylation, and inhibited MMP‑2 expression mediated by downregulation of NF‑κB binding activity in thrombin‑treated VSMCs, which led to growth inhibition and repression of migration. These results supported the use of FEOJ for the prevention of vascular diseases and provided novel insight into the underlying mechanism of action.
The study investigated whether Geranium Sibiricum L extract(GSE) with high antioxidant activity has hair growth promoting effect in artificial stress condition or not. MTT assay and scratch migration assay were used for to determine the GSE effect on human dermal papilla cell(hDPC). To analyze hair growth promoting effect of GSE, we implemented Ki67 immunochemistry staining and cytokine(TGF‐β1 and HGF) analysis. Stress condition was induced using synthetic glucocorticoid (dexamethasone, DEX). GSE showed highest proliferation effect in 19.5 ppm(ug/ml) and migration effect of GSE was actively accelerated in 19.5 ppm as well. DEX treatment group appeared to be very low Ki 67 positive cells but GSE and DEX co‐treatment group exhibited Ki 67 positive cells more than normal condition(NC) group. Relative TGF‐β1 expression was the lowest in GSE group, while DEX group showed the highest TGF‐β1 expression. GSE and DEX co‐treatment group showed 25.8% lower TGF‐β1 expression than DEX treatment group. Relative HGF expression was the highest in GSE group. In DEX group, HGF expression was very low, but GSE and DEX co‐treatment group showed similar HGF expression to NC group. GSE and DEX co‐treatment group expressed 12 times more HGF expression level than DEX group. These results suggest that GSE promotes the proliferation and migration of hDPC possibly by suppressing TGF‐β1(hair growth inhibition cytokine) expression level, and elevating HGF(hair growth promoting cytokine) expression in stressful condition. Grant Funding Source: supported by Basic Science Research Program through the Natiional Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)
The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Rhododendron molle (Blume) G. Don. extract on hair growth with mental stress. Six‐week‐old female C57BL/6 mice were divided into six experimental groups(n=8/group); the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group (NC), the DMSO stress group (NCS), the minoxidil group (PC), the minoxidil stress group (PCS), the Rhododendron molle (Blume) G. Don. extract group (RMD), and RMD stress group (RMDS). Hairs of animals were shaved on the dorsal skin before the study and 200 μl once a day of test samples were topically applied for 3 weeks everyday. We observed morphology, length of hair follicle, and no. of mast cells, stem cell factors (SCF) and substance P in skin tissues. Hair follicle depth of RMD(562.0μm) and RMDS(499.2μm) groups were higher than those of NC, NCS, PC and PCS groups. Mast cell number of RMD group(1.4) was the lowest and that of NCS the highest((16.6)(p<0.001). Also, SCF of follicles in RMD‐treated groups was immunohistochemically stained strongly than any other groups. While substance P expression in RMD group was the lowest compared to other groups. From the findings, topical application of RMD extracts increased hair follicle length, hair growth factors, and decreased mast cell and substance P expression. Therefore, it would be beneficial for preventing hair loss or promoting hair growrh. Further research should be conducted to clarify the mechanism of action related to RMD extracts. Grant Funding Source: supported by Basic Science Research Program through the Natiional Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)
This study was aimed to investigate whitening effect of seven flower extracts with high electron donating ability (EDA). CCK‐8 assay revealed that the cell viability rate of all the flower extracts was significantly higher than that of control. Whitening effects of the flower extracts were measured by mushroom tyrosinase inhibition rate, cellular tyrosinase activity and cellular melanin contents in B16F1 melanoma cells. Rhododendron molle (Blume) G. Don extract reduced mushroom tyrosinase activity by 35.1% than the control and ascorbic acids. At 500 ppm, Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus extract suppressed tyrosinase activity by 45.8%. In case of cellular melanin content, Euscaphis japonica extract was significantly lower than the control and the ascorbic acid. As for gene expression level of TRP‐1, TRP‐2, and tyrosinase, relative quantification value of the Euscaphis japonica extract showed inhibition of expression of three melanogenic enzymes. In conclusion, flower extracts had shown strong whitening effect. These findings suggest that flower extracts may can be further developed and potential skin‐whitening or anti‐melanogenesis preparation for cosmetics and therapeutic use. Grant Funding Source: supported by Basic Science Research Program through the Natiional Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)
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