Cadaver dissection stands as a crucial component in medical curricula around the world, although computer-based multimedia programs have been introduced in order to replace the need for cadaver donations. Due to a decrease in the number of unclaimed bodies and rather few donations, there is an insufficient number of cadavers for anatomical studies in Iran. This study was carried out to evaluate medical students' awareness and willingness regarding body donation in Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. In this study, a questionnaire was designed to focus on the cultural acceptability and personal willingness to donate one's body after death. Students from the university's anatomy classes (n = 331) participated in this study. Seventy-seven percent of the students expressed their agreement toward the idea of utilizing body donation services, though only 25.4% of participants were willing to donate their own bodies. None of the demographic factors were associated with cultural acceptability or personal willingness towards body donation. These findings indicated that besides "payment", other factors were associated with students' willingness to become donors. All factors of awareness except "previous awareness of organization" were associated with cultural acceptability. In this study, students suggested that encouraging people to register for body donation using mass media (25.6%) and teaching students to respect cadavers in the dissection environment (24.8%) were the best solutions for addressing the lack of cadavers. These findings indicated that a lack of awareness about body donation might be the main factor responsible for unwillingness towards body donation; therefore, improving the public's awareness and addressing the willingness of students regarding body donation may help overcome the current lack of donated cadavers. Anat Sci Educ 10: 120-126. © 2016 American Association of Anatomists.

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This study showed that reported asthma symptoms based on video questionnaires were significantly lower than the written questionnaire, and that there is low agreement between the two questionnaires which requires further investigation to explain the findings. In addition, this investigation revealed no significant difference between the genders for this low agreement.

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Original ArticleAbstract Aim: Lack of knowledge about cardiac implantation pacemaker and defibrillator can lead to stress and anxiety in patients. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of group and video training on the level of stress, anxiety, depression and self-efficacy in patients with pacemaker implantation and cardiac implantation defibrillator in 2017. Methods:In this clinical trial, 105 patients were randomly assigned to three groups of 35 (group discussion, video, and control). The same educational content was presented to the intervention team in the form of group discussion and video (compact disc). Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, a DASS21 questionnaire, and cardiac self-efficacy of ICD patients before and three weeks after training in all three groups. Data were analyzed using spss16 software. Results:The difference between the scores of stress and depression before and after education was not significant in the three educational groups (P-Value=0.55 and 0.85), but the difference between the scores of anxiety and self-efficacy of the patients before and after the training in three significant groups was. Also, self-efficacy of patients with ICD in group training, video, group, control, video and control group was significant (P-Value = 0.009, 0.122, and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion:Applying educational methods can lead to control of the psychological symptoms of patients and promote their level of self-efficacy. Hence, it would be better to use less costly teaching methods, such as video tutorials for patient education.

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Leptospirosis is an infectious disease of all species. In cows and buffalos cause abortion and haemolytic anaemia with an interstitial nephritis. On april 2003 a 6 years old female buffalo (azarbijan black buffalo) was observed in large animal clinic of tabriz azad university. In this case the clinical findings were: fever (39.1), depression, anorexia, decrease of milk production, anaemia , jaundice, haemoglobinuria, heart rate 82 per minute and respiratory rate 18 per minute. Kidnay, in rectal examination detected neutrophilia and leukocytosis. Total plasma protein and fibrinogen were 6.8 g/dl and 600 mg/dl respectivly. In urine examination was observed haemoglobinuria and proteinuria with increase of leukocytes. The leptospira was seen in urine by darkfeild microscope and microscopic agglotination test (MAT) detected serovar of leptospira grippotyphosa with titre of 400. Treatment was recommended with 20000 Iu/kg penicillin G procaine , 20 mg/ kg dihydrostreptomycin and vitamin B12 every day and vitamin AD3E ingected single dose. In period of treatment this case monitored every day. The care was taken gradually, so that, haemoglobinuria was eliminated in four days and heamatologic station was returned to normal in eight days. Treatment was continued three days after care. The MAT titre was 100 after five mouths

The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence and age distribution of hepatic tumors of sheep as well as study of their histopathologic characteristics. For this purpose, 3000 slaughtered sheep, consisting of 284 rams with approximate age of 7 to 20 months and 2716 ewes with approximate age of 3 to 7 years, were inspected during a routine postmortem examination. This study was conducted at Tabriz abattoir in the East Azerbaijan province of Iran, in a course of 8 months from March to November 2006. In this survey, two livers were encountered tumoral. Representative sections of the tumors were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Gross and microscopic features of these tumors supported diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma for a seven-years-old crossbreed ewe and a five-years-old native breed ewe respectively. In this survey, 0.074% of slaughtered ewes had hepatic neoplasia. That is, the prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma in aged ewes was equally 0.037% in this study.