n-hexane soluble ethylacetate extract (HIB-EA-HS) of bark of Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch was analyzed on GC-MS. The identified triterpinoids included: β-sitosterol (1), olean-13(18)-ene (2), betulin (3), α-amyrenone (4), stigmasta-3, 5-diene-7-one (5), stigmast-4-en-3-one (6), friedelan-3-ol ( 7), and citrost-7-en-3-ol (8). Triterpenes (1), ( 3) and ( 7) have been reported previously but the other triterpenes (2), ( 4), ( 5), ( 7), and (8) were identified first time from the bark extract of H. integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch. Phytosteroids are an important class of natural products, and all these metabolites are quite known and common in higher plants. Important biological functions of the phytosterols induced LDL-cholesterol reducing potential and anti-colon cancer activity.
This research aimed to explore the perception of the parents of children with hearing impairment (CWHI) for higher education. They have to face many problems in selecting the pathway for CWHI. There are limited opportunities for the students with hearing impairment after secondary education. That's why it is very important to know about their perception regarding future concerns of their children. In this quantitative research, the descriptive methodology was used in designing a self-made questionnaire to assess the parent's perception. Convenient sampling was used to collect the data from the parents of intermediate class students who were about to decide the future field of their children. Data were collected from 115 parents from colleges of Punjab and then analyzed by using descriptive as well inferential analysis. Response of a majority of the parents was positive towards Higher Education of their children for the better life. This research highlighted a new direction for arranging Higher education programs for hearing impaired students.
The Logarithmic Transformation is widely used to address the skewness and assumes the normality assumption of the bioequivalence data but this may not be true in all cases unless the underlying assumption is taken into account and verified that the randomly generated data is normally distributed in the BE studies. Instead of restoring the normality in the data, the Log-Transformation may introduce new problems like inducing skewness with an increase in variability, which are even more difficult to deal with, then the original problem of non-normal distribution of data. Pharmacokinetic parameters, derived from the real biodata of the bioequivalence study of Glimepiride 4mg tablet was statistically analyzed, with and without, Log-Transformation through ANOVA and the two were compared for normality assumption through the standard testing for normality like Shapiro-Wilk and Q-Q Plots. The comparison of the conclusive results from both approaches, linear and log-transformed data, does not conclude any significant difference. A further investigation is required to strengthen this notion and to identify the circumstances and situations where the deterministic parameters are ascertained to select a suitable model for the data analysis and conclusion. The alternative analytic methods that eliminate the need of transforming non-normal data distributions prior to analysis, like Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney two one-sided test which has been recommended by Hauschke et al., Hodges-Lehmann estimator or the other newer analytic distribution-free methods, that are not dependent on the distribution of data like the generalized estimating equations (GEE) are recommended.
The purpose of this study is to determine awareness and perception about stammering among school teachers in Lahore city. This is observational descriptive study was conducted at FMH college. Data was collected through self-designed questionnaire from 120 school teachers. School teachers from public and private sector were conveniently selected for this study. Result indicated the perception and knowledge of teachers regarding stuttering. The data showed that 102 (63.7 %) were male stutterer and 58 (36.3 %) were female stutterer. 92.2% of teachers said that they help them to speak slowly and 84.4% of them responded that they give them support and encourage them while speaking. 120 (75%) teachers believe that stutterer should be helped by speech and language pathologist. The purpose of this investigation was to determine awareness and perception of stuttering among school teachers in Lahore city. Teachers help students who stutter accept themselves as a valuable member of the class and give confidence and success in speaking situation. The findings concluded that the Teacher perception of stuttering is positive and they motivate and help them. Most of the respondents believe that rate of stuttering can be decrease by speech therapy and speech can be improve by speech and language pathologist Keywords: Stammering, Speech and Language Pathologists, Teachers, FMH
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