The purpose of this study is to investigate the exchange reaction taking place among the bovine serum albumin (BSA), 5,5 ′ -dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid (ESSE), reduced glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, D-penicillamine (thiolates), and silver metal (AgI). For this purpose, stock solutions of BSA and Ellman’s reagent were prepared by dissolving 264 mg of BSA in 5 ml of reaction buffer (0.1 M KH2PO4 at pH 7.8) and 23.8 mg of ESSE in 1.0 ml of reaction buffer which were mixed together. Mixture of BSA-AgI was prepared in a separate procedure by dissolving 0.17 mg of silver nitrate in 1 ml of reaction buffer and then dissolving BSA (200 mg) in the same solution of silver nitrate. Blocking of Cys-34 of BSA with AgI was confirmed by treating different dilutions of BSA-AgI (500 μM) solutions with the solutions of ESSE (85 μM) and ES- (85 μM) and recording the spectra (300-450) with a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The chromatographed AgI-modified BSA ((BSA-S)AgI)) samples (typically 500 μM) were subsequently mixed with thiolates (reduced glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, and D-penicillamine). AgI and modified BSA (typically 500 μM each) were treated with these low molecular weight thiolates and allowed to react overnight followed by chromatographic separation (Sephadex G25). The redox reactions of AgI-modified BSA with various low molecular weight thiols revealed a mechanically important phenomenon. In the case of reduced glutathione and N-acetylcysteine, we observed the rapid release of a commensurate amount of Ellman’s anion, indicating that an exchange has taken place and low molecular weight thiols (RSH) substituted AgI species at the Cys-34 of BSA eventually forming disulfide (BSA-SSR) at Cys-34. It can be anticipated from the phase of study involving bovine serum albumin that low molecular weight thiolates (reduced glutathione and N-acetylcysteine) take off AgI which are attached to proteins elsewhere in the physiological system, making these toxic metals free for toxic action.
Background: Anxiety can also be termed as excessive worry which last for at least more than six months and patients can have difficulty in controlling them. Anxiety is having 31% of life time prevalence and sad part is that the anxiety disorders are not treated and diagnosed well. 3.1% which is 6.8 Million peoples of America are having anxiety disorders. The main part of clove oil is eugenol along with caryophyllene. Eugenol is present at about 70 to 90 percentage and also it contains 15 percentage of total dry weight of bud. Methodology: Pre-clinical experimental study was conducted for 10-12 Months. Male BALB/c mice were purchased from ICCBS. Sample Size was 42 BALB/c mice and divided into 07 groups. Results: The animal model was developed and it was found that Eugenol and its liposomal based nano carrier protect anxiety disorders in mice with the help of behavioral tests such as Elevated plus maze and open field tests and was recorded as Mean and SD, frequency and percentages accordingly. Conclusion: Therefore with the help of behavioral studies i.e. open field test and elevated plus maze test, eugenol and its liposomal based nano particle protect anxiety disorder in the mice by increasing the entry time and stay of mice in open arms for longer duration in elevated maze plus test and in open field the anxiety was reduced after mice spent most of time in the center rather than periphery.
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