Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral inflammatory disease with unknown etiology in which the immune system seems to have a role in oral tolerance. Interleukin (IL)-10 is a cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL10 gene could alter this cytokine production. The aim of this study was to investigate frequencies of IL10 alleles and genotypes in a group of individuals with RAS. Genomic DNA of 60 Iranian patients with RAS were typed for IL10 gene (C/A -1082, C/T -819, and C/A -592), using PCR-SSP method. Frequency of each allele and genotype was compared to control group. A significantly higher frequencies of the T allele at position -819 (p=0.006) and the A allele at position of -592 (p<0.001) were found in the patients with RAS group, when compared to the controls. IL10 GA genotype at position -1082 (p=0.007), CA genotype at position -592 (p=0.001), and CT genotype at position -819 (p=0.001) were significantly higher in the RAS patients. The results of this study suggest that certain SNPs of IL10 gene have association with predisposition of individuals to RAS. However, further multicenter studies should be conducted to confirm the results of this study.

Background: Acute leukemia is a malignant, rapidly progressive disease of the bone marrow and blood that most commonly occurs in children. Abnormalities of blood caused by leukemia and also accumulation of leukemic cells in different parts of the oral cavity cause a wide spectrum of oral manifestations. Objectives: The current study aimed to estimate the incidence of leukemia among children in Tehran and evaluate oral manifestations of the disease as potential diagnostic markers. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, medical records of children younger than 12 years referred to Mofid hospital, Ali-Asghar hospital and Children's medical center from 1997to 2011 were retrieved from the hospital archives and evaluated. Records of 100 patients with leukemia were randomly selected for evaluation. The obtained data were transferred to the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 11.5 and Chi-square test. Results: Of the 3,789 children younger than 12 years referred to the hematology department of Tehran pediatric hospitals from 1997 to 2001, 1,372 had acute leukemia, put of which 94% had acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 5% had acute myeloid leukemia. Boys aged 5 -10 years made up 69% of the acute leukemia cases. The most common oral manifestation was gingival bleeding and petechiae. The most important disease other than leukemia was anemia in the patients. Conclusions:The present study highlights the role of dentists to detect oral manifestations of leukemia and their possible role in early diagnosis of patients with the disease.

IntroductionAmeloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) is defined as a benign odontogenic tumor with slow growing behavior. Its prevalence is rare. AFO is characterized by histologic features of ameloblastic fibroma (AF) with the formation of enamel and dentine. Case PresentationThis is a case report of AFO accompanied with a number of impacted deciduous teeth and its management in a 4-year old boy. Examination of oral cavity revealed an extensive swelling from midline to left deciduous maxillary first molar, covered with normal mucosa. Radiographic examination showed a well-defined mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion that extended horizontally from midline to mesial border of the left maxillary primary first molar and vertically from alveolar crest to the floor of nose. The differential diagnosis was odontoma (ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, complex odontoma). Surgical enucleation and curettage was performed under general anesthesia. Histopathologic sections show bone trabeculae in marrow spaces. There was myxoid matrix in some spaces which contained odontogenic epithelial cells. These findings led to diagnosis of AFO. No sign of recurrence has been observed during the 12-month follow-up period.ConclusionAlthough AFO is a rare tumor, it is more prevalent in childrenʼs jaw. Conservative surgical treatment allowed the normal development of teeth.

Background: The growing prevalence of being overweight and obesity in children has raised significant public health concerns. Obesity is considered a risk factor for several chronic health conditions and is associated with increased mortality. In addition, recent studies have shown an association between obesity and periodontal disease. Objectives: The present study sought to assess the correlation of body mass index (BMI) with periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,024 12-year-old elementary school students were selected by cluster sampling from five regions of Tehran. BMI was used as a measure of being overweight and obesity, and the oral hygiene index (OHI) was used to assess periodontal disease. A linear regression model was applied to estimate the association between BMI and OHI. The parents' level of education and family income were also evaluated.

Objectives: Considering the importance of timesaving in pediatric dentistry, if the efficacy is achieved along with shorter working time and less technical sensitivity, the behavior management of young patients can be anticipated. This study aimed to compare the effect of precuring and postcuring of total-etch and self-etch bonding agents on the microleakage of sealants. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on forty impacted third molars, which were surgically extracted. The samples were divided into five groups: 1. Control (etching and sealant), 2. Precured fifth-generation bonding agent (Adper Single Bond 2) and fissure sealant, 3. Postcured fifth-generation bonding agent (Adper Single Bond 2) and fissure sealant, 4. Precured seventh-generation bonding agent (Single Bond Universal) and fissure sealant, and 5. Postcured seventh-generation bonding agent (Single Bond Universal) and fissure sealant. All specimens were thermocycled (×1000), immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsine solution for 24 hours, sectioned, digitally photographed, and measured using the LAS EZ program. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s tests. Results: Leakage in the control group and the third group was significantly lower than that in other groups. In pairwise comparisons, a significant difference was found between the control group and the fifth group and between the third group and the fifth group. Conclusion: The conventional method of sealant placement showed superior results in comparison with the use of an intermediate layer of the bonding agent.