ObjectiveTo study the presence of Bartonella bacilliformis in ticks collected from two wild mammals in Madre de Dios, Peru.ResultsA total of 110 ticks were collected. Among the 43 Amblyomma spp. extracted from the 3 Tapirus terrestris only 3 were positive for B. bacilliformis. In addition, 12 out of the 67 Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus obtained from the 3 Pecari tajacu were positive for B. bacilliformis. For the first time B. bacilliformis have been detected in arthropods other than Lutzomyia spp. Further studies are required to elucidate the possible role of ticks in the spread of South American Bartonellosis.

Contribución de los autores:Jesús E. Rojas-Jaimes, Germán H. Correa-Nuñez: concepción y diseño del estudio, recolección e interpretación de los datos y redacción del manuscrito Nyshon Rojas-Palomino: diseño del estudio molecular para identificación de especies de Leishmania y análisis de resultados Omar Cáceres-Rey: diseño del estudio molecular Todos los autores participaron en la revisión crítica del manuscrito. Detección de Conclusion:The results showed the presence of L. (V) guyanensis DNA in R. microplus possibly acquired after biting a collarde peccary. Therefore, it is important to design future studies to clarify R. microplus involvement in the transmission of leishmaniasis.

Ticks are arthropods that can host and transmit pathogens to wild animals, domestic animals, and even humans. The bacterial microbiome of adult (males and females) and nymph Rhipicephalus microplus ticks collected from a collared peccary, Pecari tajacu, captured in the rural area of Botijón Village in the Amazon region of Madre de Dios, Peru, was evaluated using metagenomics. The Chao1 and Shannon–Weaver analyses indicated greater bacterial richness and diversity in female ticks (GARH; 375–4.15) and nymph ticks (GARN; 332–4.75) compared to that in male ticks (GARM; 215–3.20). Taxonomic analyses identified 185 operational taxonomic units representing 147 bacterial genera. Of the 25 most prevalent genera, Salmonella (17.5%) and Vibrio (15.0%) showed the highest relative abundance followed by several other potentially pathogenic genera, such as Paracoccus (7.8%), Staphylococcus (6.8%), Pseudomonas (6.6%), Corynebacterium (5.0%), Cloacibacterium (3.6%), and Acinetobacter (2.5%). In total, 19.7% of the detected genera are shared by GARH, GARM, and GARN, and they can be considered as the core microbiome of R. microplus. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to characterize the microbiome of ticks collected from P. tajacu and to report the presence of Salmonella and Vibrio in R. microplus. The pathogenic potential and the role of these bacteria in the physiology of R. microplus should be further investigated due to the possible implications for public health and animal health in populations neighboring the habitat of P. tajacu.

Objective: This study investigated an outbreak of Bartonellosis in a coastal region in Peru.Results: A total of 70 (n = 70) samples with clinical criteria for the acute phase of Bartonellosis and a positive peripheral blood smear were included. 22.85% (n = 16) cases of the samples were positive for Bartonella bacilliformis by PCR and automatic sequencing. Of those positive samples, 62.5% (n = 10) cases were positive only for B. bacilliformis and 37.5% (n = 6) cases were positive to both Mycobacterium spp. and B. bacilliformis. The symptom frequencies were similar in patients diagnosed with Carrion's disease and those co-infected with Mycobacterium spp. The most common symptoms were headaches, followed by malaise and arthralgia.

Background Ticks are arthropods that can host and transmit pathogens to wild animals, domestic animals, and even humans. The microbiome in ticks is an endosymbiotic, pathogenic and is yet to be fully understood. Results Adult male Amblyomma scalpturatum (A. scalpturatum) and Amblyomma ovale (A. ovale) ticks were collected from Tapirus terrestris (T. terrestris) captured in the rural area of San Lorenzo Village, and males Amblyomma sabanerae were collected from Chelonoidis denticulate (C. denticulate) of the Gamita Farm in the Amazon region of Madre de Dios, Peru. The Chao1 and Shannon–Weaver analyses indicated a greater bacterial richness and diversity in male A. sabanerae (Amblyomma sabanerae; 613.65–2.03) compared to male A. scalpturatum and A. ovale (A. scalpturatum and A. ovale; 102.17–0.40). Taxonomic analyses identified 478 operational taxonomic units representing 220 bacterial genera in A. sabanerae and 86 operational taxonomic units representing 28 bacterial genera in A. scalpturatum and A. ovale. Of the most prevalent genera was Francisella (73.2%) in A. sabanerae, and Acinetobacter (96.8%) in A. scalpturatum and A. ovale to be considered as the core microbiome of A. sabanerae and A. scalpturatum/A. ovale respectively. Conclusions We found a high bacterial diversity in male of A. sabanerae collected from C. denticulata showed prevalence of Francisella and prevalence of Acinetobacter in male A. scalpturatum and A. ovale collected from T. terrestris. The greatest bacterial diversity and richness was found in males A. sabanerae. This is the first bacterial metagenomic study performed in A. scalpturatum/A. ovale and A. sabanerae collected from T. terrestris and C. denticulata in the Peruvian jungle.

El biólogo es el profesional de la ciencia que estudia la vida por excelencia, por tal su ámbito es sumamente amplio y diverso. El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer los aportes del biólogo en el Perú en la Salud Publica y reconocer las brechas y oportunidades. Existen diversas áreas de la biología que repercuten fuertemente en la salud como la ecología que trata de entender en entorno que rodea al ser vivo y como este es influenciado por su medio, así también el microbiólogo que estudia los seres diminutos que contribuyen a la salud y a enfermedad. A pesar de que el aporte del biólogo es ampliamente reconocido en la mejora de nuestra sociedad y la existencia de notables biólogos peruanos que han aportado a nivel mundial en la salud pública como en la mejora del abastecimiento del agua, el diagnóstico rápido de los agentes causales de la tuberculosis y la leishmaniasis, diseño de vacunas promisorias contra la malaria y el descubrimientos de nuevos agentes infecciosos, existe muchas brechas en especial en el Perú para que esta profesión sea reconocida como se merece. Entre las limitantes en nuestro país están la ignorancia en muchos casos por la comunidad y sus dirigentes de lo que es un biólogo y como este aporta en mejorar la salud de la comunidad, resultando en un limitado incentivo y apoyo a la investigación. Por lo que se hace necesario una estrecha relación entre la información científica y el impacto social, difusión amplia, de acceso libre y entendible a toda la comunidad.

Ticks are reservoirs and vectors of pathogens of importance in animal and human health. These microorganisms in ticks can play different roles such as endosymbiont, pathogenic, and even unknown. Here we report the bacterial microbiome of adult males Amblyomma scalpturatum and Amblyomma ovale ticks (GARS) collected from Tapirus terrestris, captured in the rural area of San Lorenzo Village and males Amblyomma sabanerae (GART) collected from Chelonoidis denticulate area of Gamitana Farm in Madre de Dios region, Perú. Greater diversity and bacterial richness was evidenced in males ticks (GART; 613.65–2.03) compared to males ticks (GARS; 102.17–0.40) through the Chao and Shanon-Weaver indices. 478 operational taxonomic units were registered corresponding to 220 bacterial genera in GART and 28 bacterial genera in GARS. Francisella was more prevalent in GART (73.2%) and Acinetobacter in GARS (96.8%) in GARS suggesting that they constitute the central microbiome of Amblyomma sabanerae and Amblyomma scalpturatum / Amblyomma ovale respectively.The genus Francisella was prevalent in males of A. sabanerae collected from C. denticulate, and the genus Acinetobacter was prevalent in males of A. scalpturatum / A. ovale collected from T. terrestris, the bacterial richness and diversity being greater in A. sabanerae males. These metagenomic findings are the first reported in A. scalpturatum / A. ovale and A. sabanerae collected from T. terrestris and C. denticulate in the Peruvian Amazon.

El monitoreo de contaminantes que afecten la inocuidad de alimentos agropecuarios primarios se inició el año 2011 en el Perú. Se efectuó una revisión documental de los informes de monitoreo publicados en el sitio web del Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria del Perú (SENASA) entre los años 2011 a 2020, sin embargo no hubo información completa sobre la concentración de plaguicidas no autorizados (PNA) en relación al límite máximo de residuos y por región geográfica, y tipo de contaminante, particularmente los años 2019 y 2020 por lo que el análisis de restringe al período 2011-2018 verificándose el uso de no menos de 20 plaguicidas no autorizados de los cuales se han efectuado un mínimo de dos aplicaciones por cultivo, siendo los cultivos con mayor uso de PNA el limón (7 PNA); tomate, mandarina y uvas (5 PNA); banano (4 PNA); y naranjas y pallar (3 PNA), siendo clorpirifos y carbendazim los PNA que fueron utilizados hasta en cinco cultivos lo que se explicaría por su amplio espectro de acción. Se requiere monitoreo para determinar las concentraciones de los PNA según cultivo, en relación a los límites máximos de residuo, y al período de retiro.