The family Neoechinorhynchidae includes seven species of Neoechinorhynchus from freshwater fishes of Brazil. Although several Neoechinorhynchus species are cited infecting different fish species in Brazil, there is a lack of information concerning to their life cycle and the identification of the intermediate hosts. Thus, the aim of the present study was to describe the development of Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae in its intermediate host collected in a fish farm located in Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas, Brazil. To verify the presence of N. buttnerae in the fish pond, twenty Colossoma macropomum were captured and analyzed, being corroborated the presence of this parasite species. Samples of plankton were also collected, finding the ostracod Cypridopsis vidua as the intermediate host. For the description of the larvae development, a laboratory experimental procedure was conducted by feeding the collected ostracods with the eggs of the adult specimens taken from the sampled fish. To observe the stages of development an artificial hatch was performed. Every stage of development was photographed, measured, drawn and described. The time of development of the immature stages of N. buttnerae was 29 days, reporting the stages: acanthor, acanthella (with eight developmental changes) and cystacanth. As high infections by N. buttnerae causes morphological damages to the intestine and may compromise the quality of C. macropomum and in consequence the production of fish farmers in the Brazilian Amazon region, the knowledge of its intermediate host and the understanding of its life cycle represents a useful information to prevent and combat infections by this parasite.

Severe infections by the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae were reported in Colossoma macropomum in fish farms in northern Brazil. The occurrence of the parasite is recorded for the first time in the state of Roraima, Brazil, along with its parasite indexes. Fifty C. macropomum from a fish farm were analyzed. We collected a total of 13474 individual parasites. Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae had a prevalence of 100%, and mean intensity and mean abundance of 269.48. Significant positive correlations were observed between fish standard length, weight and relative condition factor and the number of parasites. Our results showed evident loss of body mass in the parasitized fish. Fish farmers in Roraima should be advised to manage the infection of C. macropomum by N. buttnerae, as massive infections of this parasite can deteriorate the health of the fish.KEYWORDS: Acanthocephala, intestine, parasites, parasitic indexes, tambaqui Primeiro registro de Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Eoacantocephala, Neochinorhynchidae) em Colossoma macropomum (Characidae) em uma fazenda de peixes em Roraima, Brasil RESUMOInfecções severas pelo acantocéfalo Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae foram relatados em Colossoma macropomum em fazendas no norte do Brasil. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o primeiro registro de ocorrência deste parasita no estado de Roraima, Brasil, relatando seus índices parasitários. Cinquenta C. macropomum de uma fazenda foram analisados. Coletamos um total de 13474 parasitas. Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae mostrou uma prevalência de 100%, com uma intensidade média e abundância média de 269,48. O comprimento padrão, peso e fator de condição relativo dos peixes foram correlacionados positiva e significativamente com o número de parasitas. Nossos resultados mostraram perda evidente de massa corporal nos peixes. Nosso registro da presença de N. buttnerae infectando C. macropomum no estado de Roraima é um alerta aos piscicultores, pois infecções massivas podem deteriorar a saúde dos peixes. PALAVRAS-CHAVE AMAZONICAThe tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) is the principal native Amazonian fish species reared in Brazil (IBGE 2014), and has great acceptance by consumers, and high commercial value (Melo et al. 2001). Its success in aquaculture is due to characteristics such as rapid growth, omnivorous feeding behavior, and its capacity to support a great variation in physical and chemical characteristics of the water (Melo et al. 2001;Gomes et al. 2010).Colossoma macropomum is mainly produced in the Amazon region in semi-intensive and intensive systems (Izet et al. 2013). In the north of Brazil, some cases of acanthocephalan dissemination have been reported (Noga 2010). Recently, severe infections by the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae (Golvan, 1956) have been described in Rondônia, causing economic losses in fish farms (Chagas et al. 2015;Oliveira et al. 2015).Fish growth can be affected by N. buttnerae infection, since this parasite uses its proboscis to attach to the intestine tissue...

O acantocéfalo Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) buttnerae Golvan, 1956 é altamente específico para Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) e tem sido registrado em diferentes pisciculturas no Brasil. Os danos que pode causar variam desde deficiencias nutricionais, alterações morfológicas, lesões no intestino, até a morte dos peixes. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo registrar a presença deste parasita e avaliar seus índices parasitários. Doze C. macropomum provenientes de um viveiro escavado no município Rio Preto da Eva, no Amazonas, Brasil foram analisados. Dos peixes analisados foram identificados e coletados 4170 indivíduos de N.(N.) buttnerae parasitando o intestino dos peixes com uma prevalência de 100%, intensidade de infecção entre 107 – 921 e, uma intensidade e abundância média de 347,5 ± 239,16. Existiu uma correlaçao positiva entre o tamanho dos peixes e o número de parasitas presente no intestino dos C. macropomum. Os altos índices parasitários registrados servem como sinal de alerta para os piscicultores, considerando os danos que este parasita pode causar no cultivo de C. macropomum. Medidas profilácticas e sanitárias devem ser levadas em consideração ao cultivar esta espécie de peixe em pisciculturas da Amazônia brasileira.

Influência de metazoários parasitas na morte de juvenis de Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) criados em uma piscicultura na Amazônia Brasileira.Abstract. Influence of Metazoan Parasites in the Death of Juvenile Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) Farmed in the Brazilian Amazon. One of the most serious problems in the production of Arapaima gigas in fish farms are the parasitic diseases, that influence negatively the quantity and quality of farmed fish and sometimes may lead to high mortalities, so the aim of this study was to identify the parasite species in 20 young A. gigas collected in a fish farm in the city of Manacapuru, Amazonas, Brazil and assess their influence on fish mortality through the use of parasitic indexes, distribution pattern and the relationship between the condition factor and parasite abundance. The fish, before dying, showed erratic swimming and breathing difficulties. After gill analysis, 1066 Monogenoidea were recorded and identified as Dawestrema cycloancistrium, parasitizing 100% of the analyzed fish with an average intensity of 53.3 ± 73.1 and presenting an aggregate distribution pattern in the hosts. Additionally, we also found one specimen of the Nematoda Goezia spinulosa and five specimens of the Acantocephala Polyacanthorhynchus macrorhynchus present in the gut. The low number of endoparasites along with the high values recorded for the relative condition factor (Kn) in A. gigas discards the possibility of fish death due to the influence of some endoparasites or nutritional deficiencies. However, behavioral manifestations, signs in the gills and high levels of D. cycloancistrium infestation makes this parasite responsible for the fish death. Resumo. Um dos problemas mais sérios na produção do pirarucu em pisciculturas são as doenças parasitarias, que influenciam negativamente na quantidade e qualidade dos peixes cultivados, podendo causar altas mortalidades, portanto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar as espécies de parasitas em 20 juvenis de Arapaima gigas coletados em uma piscicultura no município de Manacapuru, Amazonas, Brasil e avaliar suas influências na mortalidade dos peixes mediante o uso de índices parasitários, padrão de distribuição e a relação entre o fator de condição e a abundância parasitária. Os peixes antes de morrer apresentaram Revista Brasileira de Zoociências 18(2): 77-90. 2017 ISSN 1517-6770 78. Influência de metazoários parasitas na morte de juvenis de Arapaima gigas Revista Brasileira de Zoociências 18(2): 77-Revista Brasileira de Zoociências 18(2): 77-90. 2017 SANTANA et al.

Foram estudados 86 espécimes de Triportheus angulatus capturados durante duas expedições, nos meses de maio, julho e setembro, novembro de 2015 no lago de várzea Catalão, localizado próximo a Manaus no Amazonas. Foram coletados e identificadas 1.106 indivíduos de catorze espécies parasitas de três táxons Monogenoidea, Nematoda e Copepoda. Triportheus angulatus foi hospedeiro de oito espécies de Monogenoidea: Anacanthorus acuminatus, A. chaunophallus, A. chelophorus, A. euryphallus, A. lygophallus, A. pithophalus, Ancistrohaptor falciferum, A. falcunculum, e uma de Nematoda, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus. E novo hospedeiro para três espécies de Monogenoidea, Jainus sp n 1, Monogenoidea gen nov 1 e Rhinoxenus anaclaudia e uma de Copepoda Ergasilus triangularis. Triportheus angulatus é novo hospedeiro paratênico para Anisakis sp. As três espécies secundárias foram Jainus sp n 1, Monogenoidea gen nov 1 e A. chellophorus, respectivamente. As demais onze espécies foram satélites, e não houve registro de espécies centrais em T. angulatus.

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Austrodiplostomum compactum is a digenetic trematode whith metacercariae that occur in the eyes of a wide variety of fish species. In Brazil, A. compactum metacercariae have been reported in many fish species, but there are only a few studies in the Amazon region. Due to the lack of information in the Amazon, the aim of this study was to report the occurrence of A. compactum metacercariae in the eyes of 15 specimens of Plagioscion squamosissimus from the Lake Catalão, in Amazonas, Brazil. Fishes were collected using gill nets placed randomly in the lake, euthanized in a field laboratory, and had their eyes dissected and examined under a stereomicroscope. A total of 801 metacercariae were registered infecting the eyes of the hosts with a parasitic prevalence of 100%. There was a significant positive correlation between the number of metacercariae recorded and the standard body length of fishes. No significant correlation was found between the number of metacercariae and the weight and relative condition factor (Kn) of the hosts. Values of the variance-to-mean ratio and Green's index suggested an aggregate distribution of the parasites in the hosts, with a low degree of aggregation. This is the first report of occurrence of A. compactum parasitizing a fish in the Lake Catalão.