Abstract-Restructuring and deregulation has exposed transmission planner to new objectives and uncertainties. Therefore, new criteria and approaches are needed for transmission planning in deregulated environments. A new market-based approach for transmission planning in deregulated environments is presented in this paper. The main contribution of this research is: i) introducing a new probabilistic tool, named probabilistic locational marginal prices, for computing the probability density functions of nodal prices; ii) defining new market-based criteria for transmission expansion planning in deregulated environments; and iii) presenting a new approach for transmission expansion planning in deregulated environments using the above tool and criteria. The advantages of this approach are: i) it encourages and facilitates competition among all participants; ii) it provides nondiscriminatory access to cheap generation for all consumers; iii) it considers all random and nonrandom power system uncertainties and selects the final plan after risk assessment of all solutions; and iv) it is value based and considers investment cost, operation cost, congestion cost, load curtailment cost, and cost caused by system unreliability. The presented approach is applied to IEEE 30-bus test system.

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The volatility of wind power can cause large problems for power systems operation. To remedy the disadvantages of wind power generation different storage technologies can be applied. In this paper technical and economical analysis of possible wind energy storages has been made. According to technical parameters the applicable technologies have been selected. Afterwards, for selected storages economical analyses which take into account different scenarios of investment and electricity prices have been made. Obtained results suggested compressed air energy storages, batteries and pump hydro storages as very good solutions for wind energy storage. Due to lack of suitable places in Germany a pump hydro storage solution is less feasible.Index Terms-wind energy, storage, electricity market, feedin tariffs, costs.E. Spahi is with the Institute

Due to significantly higher and more constant wind speeds and the shortage of suitable sites for wind turbines on the land, offshore wind farms are becoming very attractive. The connection of the large offshore wind farms is possible with HVAC, classical HVDC and Voltage Source Converter (VSCbased) HVDC technology. In this paper their main features will be given. From the economical and technical viewpoint, the type of connection depends on the size of the wind farm and on the distance to the connection point of the system.As very promising technology, especially from the technical viewpoint, the focus of this paper will be put on the VSC-based HVDC technology. Its main technical features as well as its model will be detailed. At the end, obtained simulation results for different faults and disturbances for one offshore wind farm connected with VSC-based HVDC technology will be presented.

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