Multiple HPV types were common in the anal canals of HIV-seropositive MSM. Incidence and clearance rates were not similar among HPV types. Ongoing surveillance of this cohort will help our understanding of the determinants of HPV persistence and progression to lesions.

HPV16 and HPV18 infections and a low nadir CD4+ cell count increase the risk of AIN-2,3. Receiving the same HAART regimen for >4 years may contribute some benefit against AIN-2,3.

The GRS-C is intended to improve endoscopic services in Canada by providing endoscopy units with a straightforward process to review the quality of the service they provide.

High episomal HPV-16 load but not HPV-16 integration load measured by real-time PCR was associated with AIN-2,3.