The article deals with the problem of new conception of the "female" fiction prose as an independent discourse with special outlook and gender meaningful concepts. The article reveals the meaning of the notion "discourse of the modern female prose" described as complicated sociocultural phenomenon or the reflection of gender-motivated female consciousness revealed in the process of fiction text creation by women-authors. All mentioned features are very important and actual nowadays because the female prose is rapidly developing and represents the certain part of the national worldwide. The fiction texts by the woman-authors are considered to be the female discourse characterized with special outlook and gender-associated language peculiarities and it represents the female language person. The female prose texts undoubtedly reflect new aspects of woman's role and place in the world and also firm stereotypes of man-woman relationships and they created the model for woman the lack of which is felt in modern society.
This article represents an attempt to develop a many-sided analysis of factors generating crisis development in social fields and stagnation in the economy, of measures which could initiate positive changes in Soviet society and of the main tasks of sociology as a science in conditions of restructuring. The author emphasises that the transition of Soviet society from one qualitative state to another (a state of higher order), and that the optimisation of the functioning of its economic systems is transformed from an ideal into reality only on the basis of an all-round account being taken of the real potential of the human factor through expanding the sphere of operation of the individuality factor. If this does not happen, the process of dysfunctional disturbances in the systems becomes irreversible, and stagnant and negative phenomena become social facts. From the author's point of view, the task of the sociology of restructuring consists in revealing concrete mechanisms for the coordination of system qualities (those existing, being improved or newly created) and the individual social and psychological qualities of personalities, revealing mechanisms contributing to the optimal combination of objective and subjective, general and individual factors for the social and economic development of the country.
One of the most important conditions for the effectiveness of science is the motivation of academic staff of universities as key and direct producers of new knowledge. The purpose of the article was to substantiate the factors of efficiency in managing the publication activity of Russian universities. The nature and density of the relationship between the number of scientific publications and the level of citation of 19 leading countries in the world, including Russia, were determined by means of statistical analysis and the method of clusters. It has been empirically proven that the priority model for the development of publication activity should be an intensive model, which aims at improving the quality of scientific publications and the level of their citation. Moreover, a survey of 1573 young scientists (under the age of 39) and 2461 senior scientists from 14 universities in Russia was conducted. It investigated the factors of effective management of the publication activity at Russian universities. The results contribute to a better understanding on how Russian universities can activate and foster the flow of high-quality publication outputs by their researchers.
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