The article reveals the essence and content of the concept of anthropology in the context of culture as a social system. The article highlights the role and importance of anthropology in the sciences, the basic directions of study of anthropology, the characteristics of the content object and purpose of anthropology as a science, including interdisciplinary and comprehensive anthropological research. The authors pay attention to the fact that the anthropological problem is currently engaged in more than 200 sciences. The paper highlights two main areas of anthropological science which are physical anthropology and cultural anthropology. The subject of the first is associated with the natural characteristics of the person, and the second thing is formed around the social characteristics of the people who, in one way or another are connected with the culture as a basic human activity. The article notes the components of physical and cultural anthropology, highlighting the most interesting problems associated with these areas. Separately considered is the fact that the man, anyway, is always connected with the surrounding culture, and that the man, anyway, a cultural being. The paper presents 12 anthropological characteristics, formed in humans as a result of interaction with the culture. So, the following cultural aspects of human life and activity are stressed: education, socialization, purpose, self-realization, creativity, self-development, procreation, creating own cultural trail and others. The work is based on the author´s research through the study and synthesis of scientific information. The article may be interesting and useful to the scientific activities of anthropologists and cultural scientists as well as economists. The article may be of practical interest for the leaders of organizations in the management of personnel and formation of organizational culture.
The self-government today is a qualitatively new phenomenon, which preserved just the old name in the new conditions of privatization of property and privatization of enterprises, the rapid development of its private form, as relevant part of measures for transition to market relations. Self-government as a phenomenon of social life has always been, what stages of development the society was. Externally, self-governing relations were presented in different forms, which suggest that in the differences in the forms it is necessary to see the uniformity of nature. In different nations in different countries, and in the same nation in different historical periods, there were different social roles of subjects and objects of management and government, and their social, ethical and legal status, and, therefore, relations with state authorities and management.
With man’s appearance on the earth everything of his existence, functioning and development was provided by a targeted impact on the environment. Expressing this impact the process of setting and achieving goals is now defined as a universal management of the widest range of objects, most notably human society. Naturally, this process became a matter of practical observation, applied research, theory building, causing over time, formation of management science. The initiator, founder and organizer of the first in our country scientific school of management theory and of the Department, got in the beginning, the name “Scientific fundamentals of production management” of the Moscow Engineering Economic Institute, became doctor of economic Sciences, Professor Kozlova Olympiada Vasil’evna. She united and directed the research and teaching activities of scientists and practitioners to the design, development and application of holistic management theory. Today it has become one of the fundamental principles of presentation and development of contemporary management science.
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