The article reveals the essence and content of the concept of anthropology in the context of culture as a social system. The article highlights the role and importance of anthropology in the sciences, the basic directions of study of anthropology, the characteristics of the content object and purpose of anthropology as a science, including interdisciplinary and comprehensive anthropological research. The authors pay attention to the fact that the anthropological problem is currently engaged in more than 200 sciences. The paper highlights two main areas of anthropological science which are physical anthropology and cultural anthropology. The subject of the first is associated with the natural characteristics of the person, and the second thing is formed around the social characteristics of the people who, in one way or another are connected with the culture as a basic human activity. The article notes the components of physical and cultural anthropology, highlighting the most interesting problems associated with these areas. Separately considered is the fact that the man, anyway, is always connected with the surrounding culture, and that the man, anyway, a cultural being. The paper presents 12 anthropological characteristics, formed in humans as a result of interaction with the culture. So, the following cultural aspects of human life and activity are stressed: education, socialization, purpose, self-realization, creativity, self-development, procreation, creating own cultural trail and others. The work is based on the author´s research through the study and synthesis of scientific information. The article may be interesting and useful to the scientific activities of anthropologists and cultural scientists as well as economists. The article may be of practical interest for the leaders of organizations in the management of personnel and formation of organizational culture.
This article is talking about theoretical and practical problems in development of modern towns. Particularly it is marked, that the most important modern problem is defi nition of the town’s mission. The importance of culture policy, public art and the sights of Russian towns are also mentioned in the article.
The article raises a range of issues concerning innovations and their contribution to the development of modern society and presents the author’s stance in the debate on the importance of freedom of creation for the development of culture and innovations, as well as the role of innovation policy in the development of various aspects of creative activity in Russia. Innovations are defined as new developments or pioneering work that are applicable, valuable for the consumer, obviously productive and utilitarian, and commercially feasible. The author emphasizes that the major essence of innovations lies in their exclusiveness, orientation on and commitment to future market development, as, in the author’s view, it is the only approach to defining innovation that spares national economies the also-ran status by enhancing their competitiveness in the global goods and services market. The author gives special focus to the role of higher education in the process of knowledge production and innovations, stressing the need for a reappraisal of values and a shift of emphasis – from the degree run-of-the-mill towards knowledge production and innovations. The article dwells on the current philosophical perspective on innovations as an individual’s isolated actions, processes and an activity outcome, rather than an individual’s immanent need and the ends and means of life. The author pays special attention to innovations in the humanities, whose in-demand rating in the spheres of public production and consumption is frequently higher than that of innovations in technology and engineering. In this regard, the author emphases the role of culture, which, along with science, serves as a foundation for innovative and creative components of the economy of knowledge (or, the new economy)
The article discusses the requirements for modern companies in the innovation economy. In particular, it noted the impact of globalization, technologizing and humanization in the development of modern organizations. The company in the changing economic conditions of forced to pay special attention to the vast number of factors, many of which are not production-economic or financial nature, and have, for example, political, culture and anthropological nature. So, it was marked by the need for new approaches to working with employees inside the companies due to the fact that the value of each of them has been steadily increasing as growing and competition for professionals with broad competencies. Consider the category of corporate or organizational knowledge as a basis for competitive advantage of organizations. In particular, the article noted that in spite of the total implementation of information technology and automation of the various activities, human resources and human capital are basic and the main source of knowledge and information necessary for effective company operations. For this reason special significance various forms of motivation and stimulation of creativity, initiative, generating ideas and other areas of innovation. In this regard, the article separately noted the particular importance of creativity as the most important economic activity within the company for the production and use of knowledge and innovation. The article describes the characteristics of the process of knowledge management, including conservation and use. The aims and objectives of knowledge management in the framework of increasing innovation activity of enterprises in modern conditions of growing competition and constantly changing market conditions.
The article discusses the features of the concept of cultural policy as a social system. In particular the authors notes that the culture as a system has six major manifestations: as an element of the quality of life of modern man; as part of creative economy; as a system of spiritual values, attitudes, orientations and motives of a human and other elements of society; as a creative process and the whole set of artistic activities; as cultural heritage; as an entire population of people who identify themselves with a particular social system based on common cultural traits ("cultural codes"). The article also provides an analysis of some of the definitions of cultural policy. Marked are milestones in the history of cultural policy and formulated are the basic features of the past seven cultural revolutions as qualitative changes in the role of culture in society. In particular noted that, currently, the culture is going through a period of "self-realization " and is on the verge of becoming a total social phenomenon. The article notes the connection of cultural policy with "high politics", as well as with innovation policy. The aspects of ideology as a cultural phenomenon are also considered. In addition, the paper focuses on the role of cultural policies in the modern economic development. In particular noted that the implementation of cultural policy stimulates the emergence of more creative people, which clearly leads to their interaction with entrepreneurs who, in turn, too, as a rule, are creative people, and entrepreneurship has all the necessary features of creative activity. In general, we can make a clear conclusion that cultural policy as a social system is manifested in all spheres of human activities, and culture as a system is gradually acquiring a comprehensive character.
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