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Abstract. The purpose of the research was to study the indicators of milk yield of highly productive cows, the correlation dependence of milking parameters on the inter-milking time intervals, and their physiological relationships during robotic milking of animals. Methods. The research was conducted on cows of the Lenin collective farm of the Moscow region, a database was formed on 5416 individual milking cows from the SELEX program, taking into account the signs of milking (milk yield, single milk yield, milking duration, different age periods, etc.). Results and practical significance. The results of the evaluation of milk yield in highly productive cows during robotic milking are presented, the importance of the most important parameters and factors affecting the rate of milk yield is noted. The peak of milk productivity in the first heifers occurred in the third month after calving, and in the middle–aged cows – in the second month. The difference in milk yields between age groups in the first month of lactation was 37 %, and in the second – 20 %. The duration of milking is closely related to the amount of milk in milk yield, this relationship is more closely manifested in the first heifers: in some months of lactation, the value of milk yield determined more than 66 % of the variations in the duration of milking. With robotic milking, the average milk yield rate was in the range of 2.4–2.7 kg/min, in the first two months of lactation, the milk yield rate was significantly lower, and after the third month – even higher than the average for lactation. The value of single milk yields in the first third of lactation was weakly correlated with the duration of the time intervals between milking, but closely correlated with the rate of milk secretion. With single milk yields of 9–10 kg, the optimal time interval between the start of nipple treatment and the connection of the device is 131–152 seconds. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the features of the most important indicators of milk yield by months of lactation of highly productive dairy cows, their interrelation, the influence of the age of cows on them and the duration of preparation for milking were studied.
Abstract. The purpose of the research was to study the indicators of milk yield of highly productive cows, the correlation dependence of milking parameters on the inter-milking time intervals, and their physiological relationships during robotic milking of animals. Methods. The research was conducted on cows of the Lenin collective farm of the Moscow region, a database was formed on 5416 individual milking cows from the SELEX program, taking into account the signs of milking (milk yield, single milk yield, milking duration, different age periods, etc.). Results and practical significance. The results of the evaluation of milk yield in highly productive cows during robotic milking are presented, the importance of the most important parameters and factors affecting the rate of milk yield is noted. The peak of milk productivity in the first heifers occurred in the third month after calving, and in the middle–aged cows – in the second month. The difference in milk yields between age groups in the first month of lactation was 37 %, and in the second – 20 %. The duration of milking is closely related to the amount of milk in milk yield, this relationship is more closely manifested in the first heifers: in some months of lactation, the value of milk yield determined more than 66 % of the variations in the duration of milking. With robotic milking, the average milk yield rate was in the range of 2.4–2.7 kg/min, in the first two months of lactation, the milk yield rate was significantly lower, and after the third month – even higher than the average for lactation. The value of single milk yields in the first third of lactation was weakly correlated with the duration of the time intervals between milking, but closely correlated with the rate of milk secretion. With single milk yields of 9–10 kg, the optimal time interval between the start of nipple treatment and the connection of the device is 131–152 seconds. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the features of the most important indicators of milk yield by months of lactation of highly productive dairy cows, their interrelation, the influence of the age of cows on them and the duration of preparation for milking were studied.
The relevance of this article lies in the fact that at present the modern banking system constantly needs the protection of vital interests, which is formed through the implementation of economic, socio-psychological, legal, organizational, technological and other activities of a credit institution. Therefore, the main task of the economic security of the banking sector is to provide protection from the influence of external and internal factors that can harm the bank. At the same time, the management of economic security should be aimed at achieving the financial stability of the bank and the main indicators of its assessment should be related to the results of monitoring the financial activities of the credit institution.The purpose of the research is to substantiate the need to assess the impact of international sanctions on the economic security of the banking sector and to increase its level on the example of Sberbank through the development of methodological and practical recommendations and proposals. The objectives of the researchare to clarify the concept of "economic security of the bank", to consider its elements, to identify and classify threats to the economic security of the banking sector, to conduct a study of the state of Sberbank under international sanctions, as well as to determine the prospects for its future activities and to develop a strategy for the development of the banking sector of Russia. The results of the research. The concept of "economic security of the bank" is clarified, the elements of its components are defined. Based on the analysis of the financial results of Sberbank and its competitors, as well as a result of the assessment of the impact of international sanctions on the bank’s activities, a number of problems faced by Sberbank when introducing external economic sanctions were identified and recommendations and measures were developed for its activities in modern conditions. These recommendations are applied in nature and can be used by commercial banks of the entire banking sector.
The article considers the essence and content of the strategic stability of socio-territorial systems as the most important system characteristic within the framework of the concept of harmonious spatial development. The analysis of the phenomenon of strategic stability of socio-territorial systems is made on the example of Russian rural territories as characteristic administrativeterritorial formations and socio-economic systems. The article reveals the main features of the strategic sustainability of territories as a phenomenon, formulates its defi nition based on the analysis of relevant scientifi c and methodological literature, identifi es essential basic features and main manifestations from the point of view of a systematic approach to the implementation of harmonious spatial development. The article analyzes a number of essential features of the strategic stability of socio-territorial systems from the point of view of the integrated socio-economic development of the Russian countryside. The essential importance of ensuring the strategic stability of socio-territorial systems from the point of view of modern social, economic and other challenges is noted. The parameters of the strategic stability of the rural area are revealed. The paper outlines the essential importance of implementing the strategic sustainability of territories as a basic condition for the progressive social and economic development of the Russian countryside. It is noted that Russian rural areas are currently subject to signifi cant challenges, both internal and external environment, socio-territorial systems. The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of possible challenges to the strategic sustainability of rural areas and substantiates the need to form a system for warning and responding to possible challenges, as well as restoring the normative state, functioning and development of socio-territorial systems. The article also formulated a number of recommendations to ensure the strategic sustainability of Russian rural areas. In particular, conclusions are drawn about the systemic signifi cance of the formation of the basic elements of the strategic sustainability of socio-territorial systems and their implementation as comprehensive measures to ensure harmonious spatial development.
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