A non-metal catalytic system consisting of dimethylglyoxime (DMG) and N-hydroxyphthal-A C H T U N G T R E N N U N G imide (NHPI) for the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons with dioxygen is described. The synergistic effect of DMG and NHPI ensures its efficient catalytic ability: 82.1% conversion of ethylbenzene with 94.9% selectivity for acetophenone could be obtained at 80 8C under 0.3 MPa of dioxygen in 10 h. Several hydrocarbons were efficiently oxidized to their corresponding oxygenated products under mild conditions.
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) disease is one of the most destructive viral diseases in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). SMV strain SC3 is the major prevalent strain in Huang-Huai and Changjiang Valleys, China. The soybean cultivar Qihuang 1 is of a rich resistance spectrum and has a wide range of application in breeding programs in China. In this study, F 1 , F 2 and F 2:3 from Qihuang 1×Nannong 1138-2 were used to study inheritance and linkage mapping of the SC3 resistance gene in Qihuang 1. The secondary F 2 population and near isogenic lines (NILs) derived from residual heterozygous lines (RHLs) of Qihuang 1×Nannong 1138-2 were respectively used in the fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of the resistance gene. Results indicated that a single dominant gene (designated R SC3Q) controls resistance, which was located on chromosome 13. Two genomic-simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers BARCSOYSSR_13_1114 and BARCSOYSSR_13_1136 were found flanking the two sides of the R SC3Q. The interval between the two markers was 651kb. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of the candidate genes showed that five genes (Glyma13g25730, 25750, 25950, 25970 and 26000) were likely involved in soybean SMV resistance. These results would have utility in cloning of R SC3Q resistance candidate gene and MAS in resistance breeding to SMV.
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most broadly distributed soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) diseases and causes severe yield loss and seed quality deficiency. Multiple studies have proved that a single dominant gene can confer resistance to several SMV strains. Plant introduction (PI) 96983 has been reported to contain SMV resistance genes (e.g., Rsv1 and Rsc14) on chromosome 13. The objective of this study was to delineate the genetics of resistance to SMV in PI 96983 and determine whether one gene can control resistance to more than one Chinese SMV strain. In this study, PI 96983 was identified as resistant and Nannong 1138-2 was identified as susceptible to four SMV strains SC3, SC6, SC7, and SC17. Genetic maps based on 783 F2 individuals from the cross of PI 96983 × Nannong 1138-2 showed that the gene(s) conferring resistance to SC3, SC6, and SC17 were between SSR markers BARCSOYSSR_13_1114 and BARCSOYSSR_13_1136, whereas SC7 was between markers BARCSOYSSR_13_1140 and BARCSOYSSR_13_1185. The physical map based on 58 recombinant lines confirmed these results. The resistance gene for SC7 was positioned between BARCSOYSSR_13_1140 and BARCSOYSSR_13_1155, while the resistance gene(s) for SC3, SC6, and SC17 were between BARCSOYSSR_13_1128 and BARCSOYSSR_13_1136. We concluded that, there were two dominant resistance genes flanking Rsv1 or one of them at the reported genomic location of Rsv1. One of them (designated as "Rsc-pm") conditions resistance for SC3, SC6, and SC17 and another (designated as "Rsc-ps") confers resistance for SC7. The two tightly linked genes identified in this study would be helpful to cloning of resistance genes and breeding of multiple resistances soybean cultivars to SMV through marker-assisted selection (MAS).
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) disease is one of the most destructive soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) diseases worldwide, causing yield losses and significant deterioration in seed quality. 'Qihuang No.1' has a wide resistance spectrum and is extensively used in breeding programs in China. The dominant SMV resistance gene R SC14Q from the cultivar Qihuang No.1 was previously mapped to a 4.2 cM region on soybean chromosome 13 (formerly linkage group (LG) F). Fine mapping of R SC14Q is essential for high efficiency of marker-assisted selection (MAS) and its map-based cloning. Residual heterozygous lines (RHLs) derived from a soybean recombinant inbred line (RIL) were used to fine map R SC14Q . The RILs were obtained from a cross between 'Qihuang No.1' (resistant) and 'Nannong1138-2' (susceptible). The genomic sequence in an approximately 6 cM interval between the markers Satt334 and Sct_033 flanking R SC14Q was used to develop five simple sequence repeats and two InDel markers. Linkage analysis between inoculation phenotype and genetic markers localized R SC14Q to the interval between Satt334 and MY750, with genetic distances of 0.6 and 0.5 cM, respectively, corresponding to a physical distance on the 'Williams 82' draft assembly (Glyma1.13) of 1.18 Mb. Based on the genes sequences in the R SC14Q locus region with predicted functions for resistance, one SNP marker, MY525, was developed between Satt334 and MY750. Thus, the genomic region containing the R SC14Q was further narrowed to a 616 kb interval.
Polydopamine (PDA)-coated or encapsulating Cu3(PO4)2 (Cu3(PO4)2@PDA) nanosheets were synthesized, allowing the C-reaction protein (CRP) antibody to be attached electrostatically for immunosensing of CRP with simple photothermal detection. The antibody-covered Cu3(PO4)2@PDA nanosheets replace the antibody-conjugated enzyme in the enzyme-linked immunosorbant assays. Owing to the high surface area of the 2-D-structured Cu3(PO4)2@PDA nanosheets and the coabsorption of light in the near-IR spectrum by Cu3(PO4)2 and PDA, a small amount of Cu3(PO4)2@PDA confined in the wells of a titer plate generates an easily detectable temperature change after irradiation at 808 nm. The temperature changes, measured by an inexpensive pen-type thermometer, increased linearly with the analyte concentration from 0.42 to 16 pM. We found that the linear relationship can be fitted by the isotherm derived from responses collected from heterogeneous sensors covered with different ligand or antibody densities. The low detection limit (0.11 pM) is largely due to the attachment of a great number of antibodies onto the flat nanosheets. The antibody-covered Cu3(PO4)2@PDA nanosheets are stable and can be used under conditions that are generally unfavorable to enzymatic activities. The excellent agreement between our results and immunoturbidimetric assays of CRP in serum samples from patients and healthy donors demonstrates its utility for disease diagnosis in clinical settings. This cost-effective, biocompatible, and convenient photothermal immunosensor affords a range of possibilities for detecting diverse protein biomarkers.
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