This experiment was conducted to evaluate the level of antigens protein contained in the crude thoraxial glandular protein (TGP) extract of Stomoxys calcitrans which function as immunity enhancer in young horses. The detection of protein content of the thoraxial glandular samples was performed by using a spectrophotometer Nano Drop-1000. This result showed that the lowest level of antigen protein was 0.54 mg/mL, the highest was 72 mg/mL, and the average was 0.675 mg/mL. Six foals were used and divided into two groups. The first group was treated with a solution of 100 μg of TGP by subcutaneous injection, the other group acted as control. The TGP extract was injected on the first day of the experiment. Three ml of blood were sampled from the jugular vein on the 14th day after TGP injection. The blood sampled was centrifuged and its serum placed in micro-tubes to observe the IgG level. The injection of TGP had a significant effect on the IgG level of the experiment animals (P<0.05). This experiment emphasized an important relation between entomology and animal husbandry; health improvement in the young animals was observed after the injection of the insect antigen, so it can be concluded that crude thoraxial glandular proteins of S. calcitrans can be used to improve the immunoglobulin-G circulation in foals.
An opened land which has been abandoned could be revitalized by forage cultivation could be a good alternative, but the extent to which the diversity of insects visiting and or engaging in this cultivation was not well known. The presence of insects in Brachiaria mutica cultivation site could play an integrated role on various components of the environment. This study aimed to determine the level of insect diversity found in B. mutica grass cultivation sites on opened land without restriction of solar radiation. The identification of insects in this study was carried out at the family level. The collection of insect visiting and or engaging at the B. mutica cultivation site was carried out at 10 points on the transect line using a pitfall-trap at 5 points A and a swing net trap at 5 points B. The insect diversity was calculated based on the Shannon-Wiener index calculation. The results obtained were fourteen insect families detected at the research location, and the most widely monitored were from the Formicidae family (n=219), followed by Acrididae (n=23), Termitidae (n=17), Tortricidae (n=17), Tettigoniidae (n=15), Pentatomidae (n=16), Culicidae (n=14), while the other families detected were between 1 and 7 individuals. The obtained Shannon-Wiener index value was H’= 1.520 which indicated that the diversity level of insects at the observation site was at a moderate level.
UMKM can contribute to the Indonesian economy. In general, MSMEs in the Indonesian economy have a major role in economic development, provide the largest employment opportunities, also play an important role in local economic development and community empowerment as well as creating new markets and sources of innovation. Women are not only focused on their role as housewives, but women are also a support in fulfilling the family economy without forgetting their nature and responsibilities as a woman and a housewife at the same time. In general, economic needs encourage a person to behave productively, as well as with women who feel the need to contribute to the economic prosperity of the family. A prosperous family is a family that has been able to meet all basic needs, social psychological needs and family development. This research is a study of the effectiveness of government assistance for women's UMKM in increasing family income, in North Kawangkoan District, Minahasa Regency. This research raises the problem, namely: How the benefits of UMKM assistance for women entrepreneurs can increase family income. This research is a field research using qualitative method. Data collection techniques using observation, documentation and interviews. The data obtained, analyzed. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative analysis, which consists of three streams of activities that take place simultaneously, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. This technique is used as a reference to make it easier to understand the descriptions presented as the final result of the research. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of government assistance for women's MSMEs in increasing family income in North Kawangkoan District, Minahasa Regency The results of this study indicate that with government assistance for Women's UMKM in North Kawangkoan District, it can increase family income. This study shows that with the assistance of venture capital through UMKM, women who previously did not work, and did not generate income, can create work businesses so that they can generate income that can support family needs which have an impact on family welfare.
This research was conducted to evaluate the influence of insect crude thoraxial antigen-G (CTA) extracted from Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) to enhance goat’s serum immunoglobulin level. The first part of this study was the determination of insect CTA proportion level. The insects were collected from four different places: Tomohon, Minahasa, North-Minahasa and Manado areas. The second part of the study was the application of A. mellifera CTA substance on serum immunoglobulin level classification. In this part, twelve young goats handled with traditional maintenance. The animals experiment were divided in two groups: control group and the other treated with 100 µg CTA extract. The proportion of serum immunoglobulins level of goats was detected at 14th days after immunization with insects CTA extract, and compared with the animals immunoglobulin levels at the starting day of treatment. The data of CTA extract proportion level of the insects collected were subjected to statistically analysis using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of SPSS 22. Concerning the classification level of the animal treated with CTA was statistically analyzed according to Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that the proportion level of thoraxial antigens-G of A. mellifera from all areas observed were not significant different (P>0.05). This crude thoraxial antigens-G of this insect were able to increase serum antibody level of the experiment animal after 14 days of immunization. The immunoglobulin level qualification of animals in treated group were significant higher (P<0.05) than in control group. We concluded that the CTA extract of the Apis mellifera could be empowered to improve the young goat immunity against the pathogenic microbes in their environment.
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