Entomology contribution in animal immunity: Determination of the crude thoraxial glandular protein extract of Stomoxys calcitrans as an antibody production enhancer in young horses

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the level of antigens protein contained in the crude thoraxial glandular protein (TGP) extract of Stomoxys calcitrans which function as immunity enhancer in young horses. The detection of protein content of the thoraxial glandular samples was performed by using a spectrophotometer Nano Drop-1000. This result showed that the lowest level of antigen protein was 0.54 mg/mL, the highest was 72 mg/mL, and the average was 0.675 mg/mL. Six foals were used and divided into two groups. The first group was treated with a solution of 100 μg of TGP by subcutaneous injection, the other group acted as control. The TGP extract was injected on the first day of the experiment. Three ml of blood were sampled from the jugular vein on the 14th day after TGP injection. The blood sampled was centrifuged and its serum placed in micro-tubes to observe the IgG level. The injection of TGP had a significant effect on the IgG level of the experiment animals (P<0.05). This experiment emphasized an important relation between entomology and animal husbandry; health improvement in the young animals was observed after the injection of the insect antigen, so it can be concluded that crude thoraxial glandular proteins of S. calcitrans can be used to improve the immunoglobulin-G circulation in foals.

Antigen-G of Larva Serum of Musca domestica as an Immunoglobulin Production Promoter in Goats under an Organic Maintenance

“…These achievements show that flies are potentially to support animal husbandry improvement (Toar et al 2019;Ameri et al 2008). These results become new discoveries of the current research conducted so far using insect antigens that despite the negative side of these insects as vectors of pathogenic agents, it had a positive side as an immuno-enhancer Rumokoy et al (2017). Utilization of salivary fly protein has been studied in overcoming several pathological problems in experimental mammal individuals.…”

“…The role of insect as an antigen source for livestock immunity system toward from threat of various types of germs (Rumokoy et al 2017) has begun attracting scientists to study its potential to be an alternative solution for immune response effect (Cherniack, 2010;Breijo et al 2016;Rumokoy et al 2018). These substances could be applied to goats (Toar et al 2017).…”

Thoraxial Antigen-G of House Fly Musca domestica (Muscidae: Diptera) on Serum Immunoglobulin Level of Goats

“…This antigen has been reported by the previous authors which can increase antibodies in calves [11,14]. Thoraxial glandular protein extract of Stomoxys calcitrans (Muscidae: Diptera) was used to enhance antibody production in foals [7]. Insect protein has also been known [12] to play a role in improving the accumulative weight of experimental animals.…”

“…Lack of knowledge is a limitation in increasing local livestock production, because the farming community who carries out such activities has a limited level of education in running and developing this kind of farm. Economic aspects have a major impact in overcoming environmental and livestock health problems [7]. Farmers tend to choose traditional medicines that are reasonably priced but have not yet been clinically tested.…”

Scabies Vaccine as a New Breakthrough for the Challenge of Acaricides Resistance

“…Thoraxial antigen of Stomoxys calcitrans has been used to enhance the immunoglobulin serum in young horses. Sheep and rabbits are vaccinated with scab mites associated with Psoroptes sp [14]. They are able to induce partial immunity to rabbit scab mite (Psoroptes cuniculi) infection after four immunizations with whole-body extracts.…”