Background: This study aimed to investigate gender differences in social environmental factors of psychological distress among Indonesian adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using the data from the 2015 Indonesia Global School-based Student Health Survey. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the influences of main independent variables – social environmental factors (i.e., peer support, having close friends, bullying victimisation, physical fight, physical attack, parental supervision, connectedness, bonding), demographic characteristics, and health-related behaviours on the measures of psychological distress (loneliness, anxiety-induced sleep disturbance, and a combination of both measures as psychological distress). Results: The prevalence of psychological distress measured as loneliness, anxiety-induced sleep disturbance, and combined psychological distress was 6.12%, 4.52%, and 8.04%, respectively. Findings from multivariate analyses indicated that bullying victimisation, physical attack, experience of hunger (a proxy of socioeconomic status), and sedentary behaviour were associated with all measures of psychological distress. Meanwhile, age, gender, drug use, parental connectedness and bonding, and having no close friends were correlates of one or two measures of psychological distress. Based on gender-stratified analyses, experience of hunger, sedentary behaviour, bullying victimisation, and having no close friends were consistently associated with measures of psychological distress among both girls and boys. In addition, the influence of some social environmental factors, such as parental connectedness, peer support, and physical attack, were more salient among girls. Conclusions: The findings suggest that social environmental factors, demographic characteristics, and health-related behaviours were associated with psychological distress, and the associations appeared to differ by gender. Interventions that include improving positive social environmental factors (e.g., reducing interpersonal violence, encouraging positive relationships with parents and peers) and promoting healthy behaviours (e.g., less sedentary behaviour, preventing substance use) might help reduce the risk of psychological distress among Indonesian adolescents.

AbstrakProgram Keluarga Harapan (PKH) memiliki tujuan untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat yang diukur melalui Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) dan Tingkat ketimpangan pengeluaran penduduk Indonesia (Gini Ratio) dengan salah satu indicator yang diakomodir adalah pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan. Pada tahun 2018 masih ada 16 % persalinan tidak menggunakan fasilitas kesehatan. Salah satu Komponen kesehatan yang diwajibkan sebagai Keluarga Penerima manfaat (KPM) PKH adalah ibu hamil wajib bersalin di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat pengaruh PKH terhadap pemanfaatan fasilitas kesehatan untuk bersalin di Indonesia. Metode penelitian ini adalah quasi-eksperimental degan desain cross sectional yang menggunakan data Susenas tahun 2018 dengan jumlah sampel 28.785 ibu berumur 15-49 tahun yang pernah melahirkan anak lahir hidup terakhir pada periode dua tahun sebelum survei dilaksanakan dan status ekonomi yang berada pada desil 1- 3. Analisis menggunakan metode Propensity Score Matching (PSM) dengan model Logit untuk melihat nilai OR. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa PKH meningkatkan pemanfaatan bersalin di fasilitas kesehatan. Penerima PKH memiliki peluang 1,23 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan non-penerima PKH, setelah dilakukan kontrol pada variabel lainnya. Implementasi PKH memiliki manfaat yang cukup baik, beserta faktor pendukung dominan lainnya yaitu wilayah tempat tinggal, pendidikan, alat koumnikasi, sarana transportasi dan JKN-PBI dalam rangka membantu masyarakat terutama penduduk miskin dan rentan untuk memanfaatkan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan untuk bersalin.Abstract Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) aims to improve the standard of living of the people as measured through the Human Development Index (IPM) and the level of inequality in expenditure of the Indonesian population (Gini Ratio) by accommodating the utilization of health services as one of the indicator. In 2018 there are still 16% of deliveries that were not performed by trained health workers at healthcare facilities. One health component that is required as a PKH Beneficiary Family (KPM) is that pregnant women are required to deliver in a health care facility. The purpose of this study is to look at the effect of PKH on the use of health facilities for childbirth in Indonesia.The Methods that used in this study is a quasi-experimental with cross sectional design using Susenas data in 2018 with a total sample of 28,785 mothers aged 15-49 years who had given birth to live births in the period of two years before the survey and economic status in deciles 1-3. The analysis uses the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method with the Logit model that looks at the OR value. The Results is PKH increased maternity utilization in health facilities. PKH recipients have a 1.23 times higher chance than non-PKH recipients, after controlling for other variables. PKH implementation has quite good benefits, along with other dominant supporting factors, namely the area of residence, education, communication tools, transportation facilities and JKN-PBI in order to help the community, especially the poor and vulnerable, to utilize health care facilities for delivery.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the top 10 causes of death in the world and the success rate of TB treatment has not yet reached the 85% success target. Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest TB burden. Denpasar City is one of the cities that contributes the most TB case data in Bali Province. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that could affect the success of treatment for TB patients in Denpasar City in 2021.This study uses secondary data from the Denpasar City Health Office in 2021 on Form TB.03. The success of treatment becomes the dependent variable and the independent variable is gender, age, ownership of health insurance (JKN), occupation, history of diabetes mellitus, and history of previous treatment. The analysis used multiple logistic regression. The results showed that there were 826 patients with pulmonary TB patients whose treatment history was recorded in Denpasar City and as many as 697 (84%) treatment was successful. The factors found to have a significant influence on the success of treatment of TB patients in Denpasar City were JKN ownership and patient age. The older the patient, the less aware of the importance of health that affects the success of TB treatment. JKN ownership shows a negative influence on the success of TB patient treatment in Denpasar City, this situation indicates the need for better coordination in the management of TB treatment flow in Denpasar City using JKN and management of recording and reporting later.Keyword: tuberculosis, JKN, success, treatment  AbstrakTuberkulosis (TB) merupakan 10 besar penyebab kematian teratas di dunia dan tingkat keberhasilan pengobatan TB belum mencapai target keberhasilan 85%. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan beban TB tertinggi. Kegagalan pengobatan TB dapat meningkatkan munculnya kasus resisten obat. Kota Denpasar adalah salah satu kota yang menyumbang data kasus TB terbanyak di Provinsi Bali. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi keberhasilan pengobatan pasien TB di Kota Denpasar Tahun 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan data Sekunder dari Dinas Kesehatan Kota Denpasar tahun 2021 di Form TB.03. Keberhasilan pengobatan menjadi variabel terikat dan variabel bebas yaitu jenis kelamin, umur, kepemilikan jaminan Kesehatan, pekerjaan, Riwayat penyakit DM, dan Riwayat pengobatan sebelumnya. Analisis menggunakan uji regresi logistik berganda untuk melihat faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan pengobatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pasien TB Paru yang tercatat riwayat pengobatannya di Kota Denpasar adalah 826 pasien dan sebanyak 697 (84%) pengobatan berhasil (sembuh dan pengobatan lengkap). Faktor yang ditemukan memiliki pengaruh bermakna terhadap keberhasilan pengobatan pasien TB di Kota Denpasar yaitu kepemilikan JKN (p=0,005) dan umur pasien (p=0,005). Rata-rata umur pasien TB di Kota Denpasar yaitu 41 tahun dan sebagian besar pasien TB tidak menggunakan JKN untuk pengobatan (82,4%). Semakin bertambahnya umur pasien semakin kurang sadar akan pentingnya kesehatan yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan pengobatan TB. Kepemilikan JKN menunjukkan pengaruh negatif terhadap keberhasilan pengobatan pasien TB di Kota Denpasar, situasi ini menunjukkan perlu adanya koordinasi lebih baik dalam manajemen alur pengobatan TB di Kota Denpasar menggunakan JKN dan manajemen pencatatan dan pelaporan nantinya.Kata Kunci: tuberkulosis, JKN, keberhasilan, pengobatan