This article aimed to examine the relationship and linkages between education and economic based theory of endogenous growth models of Solow and its adaptation. Discussions were associated with various studies that have been conducted both in Indonesia and other countries along with few applied examples. The results showed that the stimulation of investment for education is higher than the physical investment in the long run. Referring to the results, it was concluded that: 1) the causal relationship between the role of education and economic growth becomes more and more evident and stronger; 2) the education sector as a major driver of economic development dynamics encourages long-term process of structural transformation n as the education has a high rate of return in the future. The proportional and appropriate government spending targeted for education programs (universal education) impacted to economic growth. Recommendations for improvement and expansion of equitable access and quality was a must for all citizens. Concretely, citizens' involvement with the voluntary movement education community was supposed to be extended to immediately realize the ideals of the Indonesian nation as well as a welfare state.Keywords: education, human capital investment, labor, and economic growth Abstrak: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan dan keterkaitan antara pendidikan dengan ekonomi didasarkan teori model pertumbuhan endogenous Solow dan adaptasinya.Pembahasan dikaitkan dengan berbagai kajian studi yang telah dilakukan baik di Indonesia maupun negara lain dan contoh-contoh terapan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa investasi bidang pendidikan merupakan stimulasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan investasi fisik dalam jangka panjang. Mengacu hasil kajian dapat disimpulkan: 1) hubungan kausalitas antara peran pendidikan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi menjadi semakin terbukti dan kuat; 2) sektor pendidikan sebagai penggerak utama dinamika perkembangan ekonomi semakin mendorong proses transformasi struktural berjangka panjang, karena pendidikan memberikan high rate of return di masa mendatang. Pengeluaran pemerintah secara proporsional dan tepat sasaran terhadap program pendidikan (rintisan wajib belajar 12 tahun atau pendidikan menengah universal) memberikan dampak percepatan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Rekomendasi terhadap perbaikan dan perluasan akses secara berkeadilan dan bermutu merupakan keharusan bagi semua warga negara. Secara konkret, keterlibatan masyarakat terhadap gerakan sadar pendidikan hendaknya semakin diperluas agar cita-cita mencerdaskan bangsa Indonesia segera terwujud seiring dengan meningkatnya negara kesejahteraan.

<p class="Abstract">The measurement of self-actualization can assist facilitators in knowing their students’ learning achievement in English. The dynamism of high and low self-actualization through their origins will impact learning processes. Their abilities to seize the best achievement in learning correspond to their multiple talents. The objectives of this study are: (1) describing those whose self-actualization is high and who will have satisfactory achievement in learning English, and (2) deducing those whose self-actualization is low who will have poor achievement in English learning. The researcher used descriptive qualitative research which was conducted in Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji (UMRAH), located in Riau Archipelago in December 2017. The subject was the first-year intake of non-English students. The data were in the form of qualitative and quantitative taken from documents and questionnaires to learn the students’ self-actualization levels. The researchers analysed the data by using the Rasch model measurement approach. The results are: (1) Those whose self-actualization is high (60.71%) come from rural areas (36.90%), from urban areas (23.81%), female participants (47.62%), and male (13.10%). They can maximize their potential and ability to reach satisfactory achievement in learning English; and (2) Those whose self-actualization is low (38.10%), come from rural areas (17.86%), from urban areas (20.24%) female participants (33.33%), and male (4.76%). They cannot develop their potential and ability, resulting in poor achievement in learning English. As a result, the facilitators will find it easy to reflect on what should be done in their classes in the future.</p>

In Indonesia, as in other countries, a large proportion of tax returns are filed at the last minute. In a population-wide randomised controlled trial (n = 11,157,069), we evaluated the impact of behavioural email prompts on the proportion of annual tax returns filed at least two weeks before the deadline; and overall filing rate. In two control conditions, taxpayers either received no email or an email used in prior years, emphasising regulatory information. The five treatments informed by behavioural science were (1) a simplified version of the existing email, emphasising early filing; (2) the simplified version with additional guidance on filing taxes; (3) the simplified version with a planning prompt and option to sign up for email reminders; (4) a version combining treatments 1, 2 and 3; and (5) an email appealing to national pride. Compared to the no-email control, all emails led to a statistically significant increase in early and overall filing rates. The planning email (3) was the most effective, increasing early filling from 34.9% to 37% (b 2.07 percentage points (pp), p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.97–2.17pp), and overall filing from 65.6% to 66.7% (b 1.10pp, p < 0.001, 95% CI 0.99–1.19pp).

The purpose of this study was to determine the coastal students' perspective on digital reading comprehension. The study was conducted at Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji in the department of English Education in 2021. A descriptive quantitative method using questionnaires was applied to collect data from 70 second-semester students who participated in this exercise. The data collected was analyzed quantitatively using the Rasch model called Winsteps version 3.73 software. The results revealed that most coastal students had a good perception of digital reading comprehension. Furthermore, they believed digital reading greatly improved their reading comprehension than traditional methods.

This review describes the sensory characteristics of some cocoa and chocolate products which will later determine the acceptance of consumer. Cocoa beans are widely used as raw materials in many industrial sectors such as in food industries, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical. It will be further processed into several cocoa and chocolate products which performed certain characteristics. Relating to consumer acceptance, consumer will determine the product quality based on human senses. The evaluation of product using human senses is quite challenging since it present a set of particular and advantageous tools. Sensory evaluation promotes the scientific utilization and analysis of these tools. The aim of sensory evaluation in cocoa and chocolate product evaluation is to provide the information of the accepted characteristics based on human senses, which finally will contribute to the best quality of product expected by consumers.

The English learning experience especially Grammar should be done in a fun way and make the language learners master the concept well. The importance of mastering Grammar well facilitates language learners to construct English sentences from various tenses. Coastal language learners have not been given good grammar understanding and do not have enough time to learn grammar in schools. To master Grammar, Stepping the 5 Stairs "A" technique offers fun grammar learning. There are already many techniques offered. However, the existing techniques do not accommodate the characteristics of the language learning methods of those from certain regions. The descriptive approach is a method of implementing community service. The team conducted a site survey and interviews with several residents’ representatives and coastal learners’ parents. The community service location is in Senggarang Village where foreign tourists pay a visit. The results of the community service are: (1) An increase in the knowledge and understanding of coastal learners about Grammar learning by using the Stepping the 5 Stairs "A" technique, (2) Coastal learners’the motivation to continue learning Grammar, and (3) There are requests from coastal learners, parents, RT, RW, and Karang Taruna Senggarang to the team to continue similar activities going forward

This research was aimed at knowing the effectiveness of the card-sort method in teaching EFL writing. The writing was focused on descriptive text. The researchers used two groups of pre-test post-test experimental research design. The subject of this research was the eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 24 Bintan. In this research, the researchers chose two classes, experimental and control classes, consist of 34 students by applying the purposive sampling technique. Writing test was used to gather the data needed. Based on the result of the statistic calculation, the result of the pre-test of the experimental class was 49 and the control class was 54 while the result of post-test was 70 for the experimental class and 64 for the control class. The tcount was 4.881 with significant level 0.05. Based on the data analysis, the researchers concluded that sig 0.000 < 0.05 which meant there was the effect of the card-sort method in teaching EFL writing.

Coastal students' tense on grammar really affects their grammar mastery. Mostly the factors of the tense are neither from their relationship, environment, nor personal matters. It is from their perception on grammar itself. The purposes of this study are (1) to identify the stressors; (2) to describe the impacts of the stressors on grammar ability. The method used was descriptive quantitative. The setting of the research was in one of the universities in Tanjungpinang, Riau Archipelago, Indonesia. The population of this research was the second semester students comprising 78 students in the academic year of 2018/2019. Questionnaire and grammar test were used to collect the data, and it was analyzed by using Rasch Model. This study revealed (1) from the 30 items of the questionnaire about the students' tense in academic and non-academic factors, only two items were the dominant stressors i.e. having grammar difficulties and facing grammar examinations and they were from the academic factors; (2) Those whose stress was high on grammar difficulties i.e. 29 (37.18%) students showed bad performance at grammar tenses but interestingly those whose stress was high on grammar difficulties i.e 17 (21.79%) students also had good performance at grammar tenses. There were 1 (1.28%) and 15 (19.23%) students who claimed that the grammar difficulties never and rarely stressed her or him but s/he went bad performance at grammar tenses. In fact, those whose claimed that the grammar difficulties rarely made them stressed had good performance at grammar tenses i.e. 16 (20.51%) students. Then, those whose stress was high on facing grammar examination i.e. 32 (41.03%) students had bad ability at grammar tenses. In contrary, those whose stress is high on facing grammar examination i.e. 17 (21.79%) students had also good performance at grammar tenses. The other students claimed that facing grammar examination rarely stressed her or him i.e. 1 (1.28%) got bad performance at grammar tenses; the other 2 (2.56%) students made good performance at grammar tenses. Facing grammar examination, 12 (15.38%) students who never stressed showed bad performance at grammar tenses and the other 14 (17.95%) students went good performance at grammar tenses. Therefore, students' tense on grammar tense(s) is the matter of perception which should be changed for better grammar mastery.