RESUMO:A erosão em entressulcos resulta da desagregação causada pelo impacto das gotas de chuva na superfície do solo e pelo transporte superficial das partículas do solo desagregadas, onde se encontram a matéria orgânica e os nutrientes fundamentais para a produção agrícola. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as perdas de solo, matéria orgânica e nutrientes em uma vertente localizada em uma área de Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico, cultivada com cana--de-açúcar, que é colhida mecanicamente. As parcelas experimentais foram submetidas à ação de uma chuva simulada com intensidade de 60 mm h -1 , durante 65 minutos. Foram feitas análises do sedimento erodido para a determinação do volume de solução, das perdas de solo, matéria orgânica e nutrientes. Houve maiores perdas de solo, matéria orgânica e nutrientes nos sedimentos oriundos das parcelas com 0% e 25% de cobertura por palha de cana-de-açúcar. Em média, essas perdas foram reduzidas nas parcelas com 75% e 100% de cobertura com palha de cana-de-açúcar. Os resultados permitiram concluir que uma cobertura com palha de cana-de-açúcar acima de 50%, da área colhida, reduz a perda de solo e de matéria orgânica, bem como diminui a concentração de nutrientes no sedimento erodido. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:erosão em entressulcos, chuva simulada, palhada, Latossolo Vermelho. SOIL, ORGANIC MATTER AND NUTRIENTS LOSSES BY WATER EROSION IN A SLOPE WITH SUGARCANE STRAW, IN GUARIBA, STATE OF SÃO PAULO ABSTRACT:The interril erosion results of the disaggregation caused by the impact of the rainfall on the surface and by the superficial transport of the disaggregated soil particles, where there are the organic matter and the nutrients for the agricultural production. The present work aimed to evaluate the soil, organic matter and nutrients losses of a slope located in an area of distrofic Oxisol, cultivated with sugarcane and submitted to the automated crop. Experimental portions were submitted to the action of a simulated rain of 60 mm h -1 intensity, for 65 minutes. Analyses of the erosion sediment were made to determine the solution volume and soil, organic matter and nutrients losses. There were larger soil, organic matter and nutrients losses in the sediment of the portions with 0% and 25% of sugarcane straw coverage. On average, the losses were significantly reduced in the portions with 75% and 100% of sugarcane straw coverage. The results allowed concluding that the sugarcane straw coverage above 50%, in the crop area, reduces the soil and organic matter loss as well as the concentration of nutrients in the erosion sediment.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the vegetative growth of papaya seedlings, propagated by seeds, regarding the use and application rates of two biostimulants in two types of soil. The experiment was carried out at the State University of Piauí (UESPI)/Campus de Corrente, with papaya (Carica papaya L.) as a research culture, on a screen at 50% brightness. The completely randomized design consisted of four treatments arranged according to the following application doses (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 ml) using the biostimulant Solofull® and Stimulate® via soil, with six replicates per treatment, totaling 24 experimental units. The soil used came from two situations, soil 1 (area in process of degradation, Gilbués—PI) and soil 2 (pasture area, Corrente, PI). At 65 days after sowing, height, stem diameter, number of true leaves, leaf area, height ratio of plants, and stem diameter and root length were evaluated. The data were submitted to analysis of variance. The degraded area soil provided the best growth of the aerial part. The types of biostimulants and application doses used in this study did not provide significant differences between treatments.
Salinity is an important environmental problem, specially in regions where irrigation with low quality water is practiced. In this sense, an experiment was carried out from May 2005 to August 2005 at Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, Brazil aiming to evaluate the growth and water consumption of Phaseolus vulgaris e Vigna unguiculata, irrigated with different salinity levels. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design, in factorial arrangement 6 x 2 referring to electrical conductivity levels of water irrigation (ECw), as follows: 0.0; 1.5; 3.0; 4.5; 6.0 e 7.5 dS m-1 and two bean species, respectively, with four repetitions and six pots in each parcel. The stem diameter, shoot and root dry mass and water consumption of bean plants were evaluated. Increasing water salinity level, the results of all variables decreased drastically for both species. Phaseolus vulgaris species is more deleteriously affected by water salinity than Vigna unguiculata.Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, salinity RESUMOA salinidade é um importante problema ambiental, especialmente em regiões onde a irrigação com água de qualidade inferior é praticada. Neste sentido, um experimento foi conduzido entre maio e agosto de 2005 na Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, Brasil com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento e consumo de água das espécies Phaseolus vulgaris e Vigna unguiculata, irrigadas com diferentes níveis de salinidade. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 6 x 2 referentes à condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (EC w ), como segue: 0,0; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5; 6,0 e 7,5 dS m -1 e duas espécies de feijão, respectivamente, com quatro repetições e seis vasos por parcelas. O diâmetro do caule, matéria seca de raízes e parte aérea e consumo de água das plantas de feijoeiro foram avaliadas. Incementando-se o nível de salinidade da água da irrigação, os resultados de todas as variáveis decresceram drasticamente para ambas as espécies. P. vulgaris foi mais deleteriamente afetada pela salinidade da água que V. unguiculata.
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