Growth analysis of tomato plants 'SM-16' cultivated under different mulchingIn order to evaluate the growth of tomato plants cv. SM-16, grown under different mulching, a trial was carried out at WG Fruticultura, Baraúna, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil, between July and November 2008. The experimental design was arranged in splitplots, under completely randomized blocks with four replications. Treatments (plots) were the mulching types: uncovered soil, black polyethylene film, silver polyethylene film, white polyethylene film and black polypropylene TNT, and the splitplots were sampling times: 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84 and 98 days after transplanting (DAT). Dry mass accumulation in leaves (AMSF), branches (AMSR), inflorescences (AMSI), fruits (AMSFR) and total (AMST), leaf area index (IAF), leaf area ratio (RAF), specific leaf area (AFE), absolute growth rate (TCA), relative growth rate (TCR) and net assimilation rate (TAL) were determined. The mulching influenced the development of dry matter accumulation in leaves, branches and fruits, and the TNT promoted the highest averages. The fruits behaved as the preferential drain of the plant. The TNT was the mulching that has promoted the highest average for the leaf area index and absolute and relative growth rates. The leaf area ratio, specific leaf area and net assimilation rate were not influenced by cover crops.
Aims: To evaluate the applicability of the Mimosa tenuiflora and Eucalyptus urograndis pyroligneous acids (PAs) as alternative antiseptics in dairy goats. Methods and Results: Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro using bacteria, as well as in vivo using goats, and the influence of PAs on the physicochemical parameters of fresh milk were examined. The cytotoxicity of PAs was evaluated in terms of morphology, cell viability and metabolic activity of goat tegumentary cells. The PA of M. tenuiflora had results similar to those of 2% iodine. For the in vitro tests, strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used with the well technique, demonstrating inhibition halos greater than 9 mm. In the in vivo test, 15 animals were used per phase of the experiment, and the plate counting technique showed that there was antiseptic action of both extracts, with emphasis on the M. tenuiflora PA. Physicochemical analysis of the milk showed that neither PAs interfered with its physical-chemical parameters. Conclusions: The PA of M. tenuiflora presented potential as an alternative antiseptic in dairy goats. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study demonstrates the use of PA as an antimicrobial agent in animals.
-The objective of this study was to evaluate combinations of coriander and salad rocket cultivars in bicropping systems intercropped with carrot cultivars in strips under the conditions of Mossoró-RN. The work was conducted at the Experimental Farm Rafael Fernandes from July to December 2014. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications and treatments arranged in a factorial design with additional treatments of type 2 x 2 x 2 + 2. The treatments consisted of the combinations of two coriander cultivars (Verdão and Português) and two rocket cultivars (Cultivada and Folha Larga), intercropped with two carrot cultivars (Brasília and Esplanada) plus two additional treatments, where the first are the cultivars in monocropping and the second the types of cropping (single and intercropped). We evaluated fresh and dry shoot mass in coriander and rocket and fresh and dry shoot mass as well as dry root mass, commercial and total root productivity, and classified root productivity in carrot. In the intercropping systems we evaluated land equivalent ratio, productive efficiency index, and score of the canonical variable, besides the indicators of economic efficiency (gross income, net income, rate of return and profit margin). Highest agroeconomic efficiency in intercropping systems was achieved with the combination of the coriander cultivar 'Verdão' and the rocket cultivars 'Folha Larga' or 'Cultivada' as well as the carrot cultivars 'Brasília' or 'Esplanada'. Regardless of the tested cultivar combinations, systems with coriander and salad rocket intercropped with carrot showed higher efficiency than monocropping systems.
RESUMO: A classificação da cebola realizadas com base no diâmetro dos bulbos e a qualidade medida pelos sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, a pungência em função de doses de nitrogênio foi avaliada em dois experimentos conduzidos no período de dezembro de 2011 a abril de 2012 e de agosto a dezembro de 2012, na Horta do Departamento de Ciências Vegetais da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árida em Mossoró-RN. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados completo com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelas doses de N (0, 34, 67, 101, 134 e 168 kg ha-1 de N). Cada unidade experimental foi constituída por um canteiro de 3,0 x 0,8 m, contento oito fileiras de plantas, espaçada de 0,10 x 0,10 m. Utilizou-se, como área útil, as seis fileiras centrais de plantas do canteiro. A aplicação de 101 e 168 kg ha-1 de N, favoreceram as maiores percentagem de bulbos de cebola classe 3, respectivamente nos plantio de dezembro de 2011 e agosto de 2012. A pungência do bulbo aumentou com o fornecimento de nitrogênio até a dose de 93 kg ha-1, enquanto que, a acidez titulável e os sólidos solúveis reduziram com a aplicação de nitrogênio. O plantio de cebola em agosto de 2012 favoreceu a produção de bulbos de melhor qualidade.
Avaliaram-se a composição química e a cinética da digestibilidade ruminal in situ da matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) da forragem de quatro espécies de Brachiaria, com 56 dias de crescimento, coletadas por corte manual. Foram utilizadas três vacas mestiças Holandês x Zebu, fistuladas no rúmen. Foram observados teores de 21,0; 21,1; 20,5 e 19,6% de MS; 7,5; 6,4; 6,8 e 7,0% de PB; e 66,8; 70,1; 73,4 e 63,9% de FDN, respectivamente, para B. brizantha, B. decumbens, B. humidicola e B. ruziziensis. O maior valor nutricional foi da B. ruziziensis, que apresentou as mais elevadas taxas de degradação e degradabilidades efetivas (DE) da MS e da PB, e o menor teor de FDN associado à maior taxa de degradação desse nutriente. A forragem de pior qualidade nutricional foi B. humidicola, com menores valores de DE da MS e PB e maiores concentrações das frações fibrosas e indigestíveis.
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