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Fatty acid composition is the main decisive factor of health effects of fats. Many studies have categorized fatty acids based on saturation or unsaturation in the evaluation of health effects (Okere et al., 2006). Saturated fatty acids are considered to confer negative health effects such as elevated serum cholesterol levels and increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) (Liu et al., 2017).Monounsaturated fatty acids have beneficial effects on lipid profiles (Wharburg, 2004). Epidemiological studies and clinical trials indicate that n-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3-PUFA) are known to cause beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease, though there are different opinions (Ander et al., 2003). Clinical trials with healthy young adults have indicated that the diets rich in the long chain saturated

Here, we explored transcriptomic differences among early egg (Ee), late egg (Le) and adult female (Af) stages of the scabies mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, using an integrative bioinformatic approach. We recorded a high, negative correlation between miRNAs and genes with decreased mRNA transcription between the developmental stages, indicating substantial post-transcriptional repression; we also showed a positive correlation between miRNAs and genes with increased mRNA transcription, suggesting indirect post-transcriptional regulation. The alterations in mRNA transcription between the egg and adult female stages of S. scabiei were inferred to be linked to metabolism (including carbohydrate and lipid degradation, amino acid and energy metabolism), environmental information processing (e.g., signal transduction and signalling molecules), genetic information processing (e.g., transcription and translation) and/or organismal systems. Taken together, these results provide insight into the transcription of this socioeconomically important parasitic mite, with a particular focus on the egg stage. This work encourages further, detailed laboratory studies of miRNA regulation across all developmental stages of S. scabiei and might assist in discovering new intervention targets in the egg stage of S. scabiei.

Presently, there is a dearth of proteomic data for parasitic mites and their relationship with the host animals. Here, using a high throughput LC-MS/MS-based approach, we undertook the first comprehensive, large-scale proteomic investigation of egg and adult female stages of the scabies mite, Sarcoptes scabiei–one of the most important parasitic mites of humans and other animals worldwide. In total, 1,761 S. scabiei proteins were identified and quantified with high confidence. Bioinformatic analyses revealed differentially expressed proteins to be involved predominantly in biological pathways or processes including genetic information processing, energy (oxidative phosphorylation), nucleotide, amino acid, carbohydrate and/or lipid metabolism, and some adaptive processes. Selected, constitutively and highly expressed proteins, such as peptidases, scabies mite inactivated protease paralogues (SMIPPs) and muscle proteins (myosin and troponin), are proposed to be involved in key biological processes within S. scabiei, host-parasite interactions and/or the pathogenesis of scabies. These proteomic data will enable future molecular, biochemical and physiological investigations of early developmental stages of S. scabiei and the discovery of novel interventions, targeting the egg stage, given its non-susceptibility to acaricides currently approved for the treatment of scabies in humans.

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<div>Dietary fatty acids are associated with lipid health. We investigated the effect of the chain length </div><div>and the degree of saturation of fatty acids in dietary triglycerides on serum lipid profiles and </div><div>hepatic lipid metabolism in Wistar rats. Fat component of the basal diet (soybean oil) was </div><div>replaced with fats with fatty acids of different chain lengths and saturation and the serum lipids </div><div>were monitored for 150 days. Principal component (PC) analysis of serum lipid components </div><div>were related to chain length and saturation using second order polynomial regression analysis. </div><div>The combined effect of chain length and saturation on PC 1 scores were evaluated by multiple </div><div>regression analysis. Variation of lipid parameters cannot be well-explained by chain length or </div><div>saturation alone. Consistent with the formation of large amounts of lipid droplets in the liver, </div><div>expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein -2 (SREBP2) and peroxisome </div><div>proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα) involved in hepatic lipid metabolism showed </div><div>significant (P<0.05) downregulation in margarine diet group and SREBP2 in dairy butter diet </div><div>group compared to the control group. Average chain length of fatty acids in triglycerides has a </div><div>higher influence on the quality of serum lipid parameters than the average degree of saturation of </div><div>fatty acids.</div>

<div>Dietary fatty acids are associated with lipid health. We investigated the effect of the chain length </div><div>and the degree of saturation of fatty acids in dietary triglycerides on serum lipid profiles and </div><div>hepatic lipid metabolism in Wistar rats. Fat component of the basal diet (soybean oil) was </div><div>replaced with fats with fatty acids of different chain lengths and saturation and the serum lipids </div><div>were monitored for 150 days. Principal component (PC) analysis of serum lipid components </div><div>were related to chain length and saturation using second order polynomial regression analysis. </div><div>The combined effect of chain length and saturation on PC 1 scores were evaluated by multiple </div><div>regression analysis. Variation of lipid parameters cannot be well-explained by chain length or </div><div>saturation alone. Consistent with the formation of large amounts of lipid droplets in the liver, </div><div>expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein -2 (SREBP2) and peroxisome </div><div>proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα) involved in hepatic lipid metabolism showed </div><div>significant (P<0.05) downregulation in margarine diet group and SREBP2 in dairy butter diet </div><div>group compared to the control group. Average chain length of fatty acids in triglycerides has a </div><div>higher influence on the quality of serum lipid parameters than the average degree of saturation of </div><div>fatty acids.</div>