This study shows that both nonablative fractional laser 1,340 nm and microneedling are comparable and effective in the treatment of atrophic acne scars. Microneedling is well tolerated, with fewer side effects and lower down time.
Livedoid vasculopathy (LV) is a chronic and recurrent disease consisting of livedo
reticularis and symmetric ulcerations, primarily located on the lower extremities,
which heal slowly and leave an atrophic white scar ("atrophie blanche"). Neurological
involvment is rare and presumed to be secondary to the ischemia from vascular
thrombosis of the vasa nervorum. Laboratory evaluation is needed to exclude secondary
causes such as hyper-coagulable states, autoimmune disorders and neoplasms. We
present two patients with a rare association of peripheral neuropathy and LV, thereby
highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to reach the correct
diagnosis.
Simulium blackfly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) were collected from rivers and streams at 500-1500 m a.s.l. in Chiapas State of southern Mexico. Among 45 sites surveyed over an area of 2300 km2 (around 15 degrees 15'N 92 degrees 20'W), some Simulium larvae from three sites were opalescent violet-blue, interpreted as patent infection with invertebrate iridescent virus (IIV). Dissection confirmed the presence of putative Iridovirus particles, 130nm diameter, but no IIV isolates were obtained from homogenates injected into Galleria mellonella (L) larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). All Simulium with patent IIV infection died before metamorphosis, whereas approximately 60% of asymptomatic Simulium survived to adulthood in the laboratory. During 1997, standard monthly samples from two parallel rivers 42-50 km north-west of Tapachula comprised the following species proportions (and rates of patent IIV infection): 41.8% (47%) Simulium mexicanum Bellardi complex, 31.3% (31.4%) S. rubicundum Knab, 10.1% (13.1%) S. paynei, 6.5% (2.9%) S. callidum (Dyar & Shannon), 6.3% (5.1%) S. ochraceum Walker complex, 3.1% (0.7%) S. downsi Vargas et al., 0.7% S. samboni Jennings and 0.2% S. metallicum Bellardi complex, showing a strong correlation between blackfly abundance and the prevalence of patent infection. An epizootic of IIV in January and February (infection rates 41-100%) was followed by absence of larvae (March-August) until the end of the rainy season, when numbers collected on nylon strings rose to approximately 1/cm with patent IIV infection rates of 0-12.5% during September-December. Further investigations are underway to isolate this IIV and assess its potential usefulness for biological control of Simulium pests and vectors of onchocerciasis.
INTRODUÇÃOApesar da importante prevalência do Transtorno do Humor Bipolar (THB) (em torno de 1% da população e de até 3 a 6% se utilizado o conceito de "espectro bipolar"1 ) e da grande morbi-mortalidade a ele associada, apenas seis instrumentos voltados para a avaliação do estado maníaco pelo clínico foram até hoje desenvolvidos 2-7 . Dentre esses instrumentos, a maioria apresenta limitações metodológicas que restringem sua utilidade clínica e diagnóstica 8 . Por exemplo, muitas destas escalas não foram testadas para várias qualidades psicométricas; o construto conceitual da maioria destes instrumentos baseia-se, em geral, apenas na clássi-ca apresentação de mania eufórica, e os sintomas psicóticos são pouco valorizados. Em países de língua portuguesa, a situação é ainda mais problemática, na medida em que há apenas um instrumento de avaliação da mania validado que é a Escala de Mania de Youngmodificada para o português 9 . A escala de Young 5 foi criada em 1978 e é, ainda hoje em dia, a mais utilizada em ensaios clínicos que avaliam novas drogas anti-maníacas. Apesar de ser uma escala bastante fácil de ser usada, esta escala possui uma série de limitações metodológicas.Dessa forma, os autores do presente estudo, desenvolveram a versão em português da "Clinician-Administered Rating Scale for Mania" (CARS-M) de Altman e colaboradores 7 , a fim de disponibilizar em nossa Língua mais um instrumento de avaliação do estado maníaco, além de ser a escala de mania mais recentemente elaborada. Ainda que esta escala tenha sido Desenvolvimento da versão em português da Escala Administrada pelo Clínico para Avaliação de Mania (EACA-M): "Escala de Mania de Altman"
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