Copyright Caldas et al. Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que sem fins comerciais e que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado. A pré-anestesia foi realizada com Acepromazina 0,2% (0,2 mg/kg, IM) ou Diazepan 0,5% (0,5 mg/kg, IM). A indução anestésica geral foi feita com Diisopropilfenol 1% (2,0 a 8,0 mg/kg, IV) e a manutenção anestésica geral com Isoflurano ofertado por traqueotubo e diluído em oxigênio a 100%, em circuito fechado de anestesia. O emprego da técnica de quadrantectomia para exérese de neoplasias mamárias constituiu uma manobra preventiva ao surgimento de novas massas tumorais, comprovada mediante a taxa de sobrevivência de 95,5%, em comparação com o emprego da técnica de mastectomia unilateral direita ou esquerda ou ainda a mastectomia bilateral total, cuja taxa de sobrevivência foi de 90,5%. A técnica é facilmente executável, associada ao método de dissecção, uso de dreno cirúrgico e curativo compressivo. Vantagens da técnica de quadrantectomia em cadelas com neoplasias mamárias Advantages of quadrantectomy in bitches with mammary neoplasmPalavras-chave: cães, mastectomia, tumores, quadrantectomia. AbstractA great number of surgical procedures have been proposed for the treatment of mammary tumors in bitches; however, few surveys have compared the accuracy of different techniques in dogs. Our study aimed to establish a quadrantectomy clinical and surgical protocol for the treatment of mammary tumors in bitches, similar to those performed in women. Between March 2014 and December 2015, 154 bitches were admitted to the Obstetric Sector of the Veterinarian Hospital of the Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. One hundred and forty-one of those bitches presented different variants of mammary tumors and were treated with surgical procedures. Pre-operational evaluation included tumor staging through the TNM system and assessment of surgical risk. The following agents were used throughout the surgical procedures: Acepromazine 0.2% (0.2 mg/kg, IM) or Diazepam for pre-anesthesia, a Diisopropylphenol 0.5% (2.0 to 8.0 mg/kg, IV), IM during the general anesthesia induction, and closed-circuit Isoflurane in the stage of management of anesthesia. Quadrantectomy was performed as a maneuver to prevent tumor recurrence. The maneuver proved effective due to the 95.5% survival rate, compared to the 90.5% survival rate of right or left unilateral mastectomy and bilateral mastectomy techniques. Quadrantectomy in association with dissection method, surgical drain, and compression bandaging was considered an effective and easily applicable surgical procedure in bitches with mammary tumors.

Background: Primary tracheal tumors are considered uncommon in veterinary medicine and among them extranodal tracheal lymphoma, which is a neoplastic type, has rarely been described, especially with the use of immunophenotyping. Consequently, there is a lack of knowledge inherent to the characteristics of this tumor type in felines and as a result little information on how to deal with animals affected by this disease. Therefore, there is a need for more studies focusing on this matter. The objective of this work is to report a case of extranodal B cell lymphoma in the trachea of a domestic cat and point out the clinical and pathological characteristics of this neoplastic type.Case: A 5-year-old domestic cat, of an oriental breed, was taken to a veterinary clinic exclusively for cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The main complaint was difficulty in breathing and loss of appetite and historical data included intolerance to exercise. A clinical examination confirmed inspiratory dyspnea and upper respiratory sounds. Hematological and serum biochemical exams did not evidence any noteworthy changes and the cat was considered negative for feline viral leukemia and feline immunodeficiency viruses through serological and molecular testing. However, in the radiographic examination of the thoracic cervical region, an opacity was observed that occluded part of the tracheal lumen and this was suggestive of a mass in the initial third of the trachea, measuring 0.5 cm in diameter. The animal was stabilized and then 24 h after admission underwent inspection of the oral cavity and a biopsy of the tracheal mass was performed. Cytology of the specimen was suggestive of lymphoma. The treatment of choice was: lomustine with a single, oral dose of 10 mg; vincristine sulfate with a single intravenous dose of 0.75 mg/m²; and methylprednisolone acetate with a single intramuscular dose of 20 mg. A second radiograph taken 24 h after the chemotherapy showed that the tracheal mass had shrunk to 0.3 cm in diameter. Seven days after the treatment adopted for lymphoma, the mass was no longer visible. Histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry supported the diagnosis of B cell lymphoma. A 36-month follow-up after the initial admission showed that the cat was in good health, without any respiratory signs and/or alterations in imaging tests that could suggest neoplastic recurrence.Discussion: The majority of animals with tracheal lymphoma are more than seven years old; thus, this report is one of the few that describes this tumor type in a young cat, and therefore highlights the importance of considering tracheal lymphoma as a differential diagnosis in young cats with clinical findings compatible with this condition. The successful treatment carried out here was attributed to the immunophenotyping of the neoplasia, because when B cell trachea lymphoma is diagnosed early and correctly there is usually a good prognosis. Type T lymphomas exhibit a poorer clinical response through therapy than B cell lymphomas. As far as the authors know, this is only the fifth report in which immunophenotyping of a tracheal lymphoma in a cat has been performed. The relevance of studies involving the immunohistochemistry of this tumor type in cats is asserted, so that the differentiation between B or T cell lymphomas can provide greater accuracy in dealing with animals affected with this disease.

Background: Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis whose etiologic agent is the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. This fungal infection, which is the second most frequent systemic mycotic fungal disease in felines in the United States, has rarely been found in cats in Brazil. This paper reports on a case of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in a domestic cat treated with oral itraconazole associated with amphotericin B administered subcutaneously. This treatment resulted in clinical remission of the patient’s symptoms, as evidenced by radiographic follow-ups.Case: A domestic cat suffering from acute dyspnea was taken to a veterinary clinic. The animal was subjected to emergency oxygen therapy, and kept at rest through sedation with midazolam. A physical examination revealed normally colored mucosa, 8% dehydration, bristly fur, body condition score 2/9, tachypnea with respiratory rate of 100 breaths per minute and expiratory dyspnea. The radiographic examination showed marked opacification of all the pulmonary fields, with a mixed pattern (interstitial and alveolar) of heterogeneous appearance and diffuse distribution, which are changes consistent with an inflammatory infectious process (pneumonia). A cytological analysis of the pleural fluid revealed round to oval-shaped intracytoplasmic structures, varying in size from 2 to 4 μm, inside foamy macrophages, consistent with Histoplasma capsulatum. Based on the diagnosis of pulmonary histoplasmosis, and in view of the patient’s acute respiratory distress, it was decided to treat the cat using itraconazole associated with amphotericin B. Itraconazole was administered orally at a dose of 100 mg/cat every 24 h, while amphotericin B was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, combined with 100 mL of sodium chloride 0.9% and 100 mL of 5% glycated serum, with monitoring of serum concentrations of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). Amphotericin B was administered every 48 h up to the 7th dose, followed by three times a week up to the 11th dose, and then twice a week up to the 16th dose. The animal was released from the veterinary hospital 10 days after its admission, showing a considerably improved respiratory condition and a respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute. Continuation of the antifungal treatment with itraconazole was prescribed, maintaining the same dose and frequency of administration until a new recommendation would be made, as well as frequent return visits for the administration of amphotericin B and reassessment of the animal. The administration of amphotericin B was discontinued when the animal’s respiratory condition stabilized; hence, the feline received a total of 16 doses of the drug. The animal showed remission of clinical respiratory symptoms, confirmed by follow-up chest X-rays, which revealed significantly less radiodense pulmonary parenchyma in response to treatment with itraconazole and amphotericin B. Five months after beginning its treatment, the cat is being treated orally with itraconazole (100 mg/cat, every 24 h), without recrudescence of the clinical symptoms.Discussion: To date, six cases of feline histoplasmosis have been reported in Brazil, only one of which had pulmonary involvement and was treated successfully. The use of oral itraconazole associated with subcutaneous amphotericin B has proved to be effective for the treatment of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in domestic cats. Note that a rapid diagnosis of pulmonary disease is essential in order to immediately implement a combined drug therapy linked with monitoring to ensure the protocol is safe for the patient

RELATO DE CASOCopyright Jardim et al. Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualquer meio, sem restrições desde que sem fins comerciais e que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.Osteocondrodisplasia em um felino jovem da raça Scottish Fold: relato de caso ResumoOs gatos Scottish Fold possuem um gene autossômico dominante que determina a ocorrência das orelhas dobradas para frente e graus variados de osteocondrodisplasia. Objetiva-se com este trabalho relatar um caso de osteocondrodisplasia em um gato jovem da raça Scottish Fold, destacando as características clínicas, patológicas e a conduta terapêutica adotada mediante o quadro clínico, visando difundir informações relacionadas ás particularidades deste padrão racial felino. Foi levado para atendimento clínico um gato doméstico da raça Scottish Fold, macho, com 12 meses de idade, devido à queixa de dificuldade locomotora. Na avaliação radiográfica as articulações társicas apresentaram-se hipoplásicas, com angulação anormal do eixo nos metatarsos, falanges e articulações relacionadas, compatível com osteocondrodisplasia. Já nas articulações coxofemorais evidenciou-se displasia coxofemoral leve. O tratamento consistiu na utilização de gabapentina, sulfato de condroitina e ômega-3. Este é o primeiro relato de osteocondrodisplasia em um Scottish Fold no Brasil. As deformidades osteoarticulares observadas no felino jovem da raça Scottish Fold com osteocondrodisplasia constituem uma preocupação, em função do comprometimento da qualidade de vida do paciente e ausência de um tratamento curativo para tal afecção, assim o estudo pôde expandir informações a respeito das características inerentes a este padrão racial.Palavras-chave: gatos, mutações genéticas, doenças osteoarticulares. AbstractScottish Fold cats have an autosomal dominant gene that determines the occurrence of forward-bent ears and varying degrees of osteochondrodysplasia. The objective of this work is to report a case of osteochondrodysplasia in a young Scottish Fold cat, highlighting the clinical and pathological characteristics and the therapeutic behavior adopted by the clinical picture, aiming to disseminate information related to the particularities of this feline racial pattern. A Scottish Fold male domestic cat, 12 months old, was brought to clinical care due to the complaint of locomotor difficulty. In the radiographic evaluation, the tarsal joints were hypoplastic, with abnormal axis angulation in the metatarsals, phalanges and related joints, compatible with osteochondrodysplasia. Already in the hip joints, mild hip dysplasia was evident. Treatment consisted of gabapentin, chondroitin sulfate and omega-3. This is the first report of osteochondrodysplasia in a Scottish Fold in Brazil. The osteoarticular deformities observed in the Scottish Fold feline with osteochondrodysplasia are a concern, due to the patient's quality of life impairment and the absence of a cura...

Pain is responsible for inducing physical and mental stress, interfering negatively in patients' quality of life. Classic analgesic drugs, such as opioids and non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, are known for their wide range of adverse effects, making it important to develop new drugs. Thus, this study aimed to analyse the action of the hybrid compound cis‐ (±) ‐acetate of 4‐chloro‐6‐ (naphthalene‐1‐yl) ‐tetrahydro‐2h‐pyran −2‐yl) methyl2‐ (2‐ [2,6‐dichlorophenylamine] phenyl (LS19) under acute nociceptive conditions, and deepened the understanding of the responsible mechanisms. Male Swiss mice were evaluated in the acetic acid‐induced abdominal writhing, formalin, tail flick, capsaicin‐ and glutamate‐induced nociception, thermal stimulation in animals injected with capsaicin and rotarod tests besides the acute and subchronic toxicological evaluation. The compound showed effect on the acetic acid‐induced abdominal writhing, formalin (both phases), tail flick, thermal stimulation in animals injected with capsaicin and capsaicin‐induced nociception tests. In the study of the mechanism of action was observed reversion of the antihyperalgesic effect of the compound from the previous intraperitoneal and intrathecal administration of naloxone, nor‐binaltorphimine, naltrindole, methylnaltrexone, 7‐nitroindazole, L‐NAME, ODQ, glibenclamide on the tail flick test. In the thermal stimulation in animals injected with capsaicin, the compound showed antinociceptive effect by oral and intraplantar routes, besides to reducing the levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and PGE2 in the paws previously administered with capsaicin. There were no signs of acute and subchronic intoxication with the compound. In summary, the compound LS19 presented spinal and local antihyperalgesic effect, demonstrating participation of the opioid/NO/cGMP/K+ ATP pathway and TRPV1 receptors and it demonstrated safety in its use in mice.

Background: Congenital cardiac diseases are a common cause of death in puppies. Tricuspid valve dysplasia is characterized by thickening and displacement of the leaflets of the tricuspid valve, agenesis of the valves, and incomplete separation of valve components. Papillary muscles may fuse and display shortened or absent chordae tendineae that contribute to tricuspid regurgitation. Diagnostic features of tricuspid valve dysplasia include cardiomegaly with massive right atrium enlargement on thoracic radiography and tricuspid insufficiency on an ultrasound. We aimed to describe clinicopathological findings in a dog (Canis familiaris) with tricuspid dysplasia.Case: We aimed to describe tricuspid valve dysplasia in a dog referred for necropsy at the Anatomical Pathology Sector of The Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with a clinical history of abdominal swelling, dyspnea, cyanosis, ascites, and prostration. Echocardiography and abdominal ultrasound revealed right ventricular enlargement, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly. Examination of the heart showed prominent enlargement, thickening and dilation of the right chambers, thickening of the tricuspid leaflets, and moderately shortened chordae tendineae. The liver was enlarged, with a nutmeg pattern, and foci of clotting and fibrin adhesions in the lateral right lobule.Discussion: Epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings were consistent with tricuspid valve dysplasia. Although structural abnormalities of the tricuspid and mitral valves are well known in fetuses and neonates, congenital and secondary tricuspid malformations are rare in dogs. The survival rate is associated with the severity of heart lesions. Tricuspid valve dysplasia is mostly observed in large-breed dogs (>20 kg), particularly in Labrador Retrievers, Boxers, and German Shepherds. Regardless, most dogs with tricuspid valve dysplasia are of a pure-breed, which differs from our findings because our dog was a mongrel. Our dog displayed signs of dyspnea, cyanosis, abdominal swelling, prostration, and enlarged liver and spleen on ultrasound examination. Tricuspid valve dysplasia led to heart enlargement and right congestive heart failure, with consequent ascites, abdominal swelling, weakness, lethargy, jugular venous distension, and hepatomegaly. Overall, the heart showed prominent enlargement, thickening and dilation of the right chambers, thickening of the tricuspid leaflets, and moderately shortened chordae tendineae. The liver had a nutmeg pattern. Tricuspid valve dysplasia is characterized by malformation of the tricuspid valve leaflets, chord tendineae, or papillary muscles. Malformed tricuspid valves are known to result in variable degrees of regurgitation, leading to right atrial overflow and ventricular eccentric hypertrophy. Differential diagnosis includes myocarditis, tricuspid valve endocarditis, tricuspid endocardiosis, tricuspid valve prolapse and right ventricular dysplasia, right ventricular enlargement with tricuspidal regurgitation due to pulmonary insufficiency, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Signs of heart murmurs (irregular sounds of the heart) on clinical examination may indicate an irregular blood flow pattern, and imaging tests may be necessary for assessing the presence and severity of any lesions. The epidemiologic, clinical, and pathological findings were consistent with those of tricuspid valve dysplasia.

Background: Cholangiocellular carcinoma is a malignant tumor that occurs mainly in elderly dogs and cats. Primary hepatobiliary neoplasms are considered rare in felines, although cholangiocarcinoma is the most common tumor type among malignant liver tumors in the species. The objective of this work is to report two cases of cholangiocarcinoma in young domestic cats, with three years old, and to approach clinical and pathological aspects to promote awareness of this type of injury in young animals, with a focus on prevention of predisposing factors. Cases: A 3-year-old male domestic cat (cat 1) had a history of progressive weight loss, persistent vomiting, diarrhea, and episodes of seizure. At the clinical examination was noted moderate degree of jaundice. In the biochemical exams it was verified as alteration hypoproteinemia, increase of urea and hyponatremia. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a formation in the left epigastric region measuring 8.0 x 5.0 cm, with a diffusely heterogeneous parenchyma, suggestive of hepatic neoplasia, in addition to the presence of free abdominal fluid. Cavity fluid analysis was suggestive of carcinoma. A 3-year-old male domestic cat (cat 2), with history of hyporexia, emaciation and vomiting was taken to care. Physical examination showed moderate dehydration, hypocorous mucosa and presence of abdominal mass on palpation. The animal's serum biochemical assessment were verified as changes, increasing AST. Ultrasonographic examination showed an abdominal mass, located caudally to the spleen, with irregular shape, measuring approximately 4.7 cm suggestive of hepatic neoplasia, in addition to the presence of abdominal fluid. The hepatic cytology performed by fine needle aspiration was suggestive of carcinoma. After the clinical worsening of two cats and due unfavorable prognosis, euthanasia and necropsy were performed. In the macroscopic analysis of cat 1, numerous nodules of whitish and sometimes "umbilicate" coloration were observed in the liver, measuring up to three cm in diameter, distributed randomly by the hepatic parenchyma and with a soft consistency at cut. An ovoid-wicking mass, measuring 6.0 x 7.0 x 5.0 cm and coloring ranging from white to light brown was checked in omentum. In the macroscopic evaluation of cat 2, numerous coalescing masses of whitish coloring measuring up to 6.0 cm in diameter were observed covering almost every hepatic parenchyma and also affecting the pancreas, with a soft consistency at cut. The microscopic findings of both cats were compatible with the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Considering the immunohistochemical profile, in both cases there was positivity for the CK Pan antibody and CEA and negativity for the CK20, TTF-1, Hepatocyte specific antigen, CD10 and CD56 antibodies. Discussion: Cholangiocarcinomas usually occur in elderly animals, with a mean age of 9 years, so it may be suggested that the cause of the disease in cat 1 and 2 was possibly related to the early and continuous presence of carcinogens. The biliary duct trematod Platynoso...

Background: Fetal malformations are characterized by anatomical changes that compromise an organ or system. Tongue formation in bovines occurs with the fusion of three structures at the end of the fourth week of gestation, and any failure during this stage of embryonic development may lead to tongue malformation. Bifid tongue, also called glossoschisis, is a rare congenital abnormality in any species and is characterized by incomplete fusion of the lateral tongue buds, resulting in a deep groove in the midline of the tongue. The objective of this study was to describe a case of bifid tongue and the procedure of reduction glossoplasty in a calf of the Girolando breed in Tocantins State. Case: A male mixed-breed (Holstein-Friesian × Gir) calf, born from natural mating in the municipality of Araguaína, Tocantins, was clinically assessed in the Sector of Ruminant Clinical Medicine of the Federal University of Tocantins at 2 months of age. The owner reported that the animal exhibited difficulty in suckling after birth and that on inspection of the oral cavity, he observed changes in the tongue and mandible. Clinical examination of the oral cavity revealed the presence of a bifid tongue and abnormal fusion of the mandible in the region of the lower incisive teeth. It was decided to perform a surgical procedure with the aim of improving the animal's quality of life because the owner wanted to keep it in the farm. An incision was made, followed by removal of the medial rims of the two tines of the tongue, and synthesis was performed, joining the ventral rims of the tongue, beginning at the root and ending at the apex. Discussion: The observed lesions are compatible with bifid tongue and mandibular fissure, both previously reported in other species. The literature has no reports of bifid tongue in bovines. The etiology of fetal malformations is still unclear, and the primary causes known in Brazil include ingestion of toxic plants by the mother, such as Mimosa tenuiflora and Poincianella pyramidalis; infections, with the main viral agents being bovine viral diarrhea virus and blue tongue virus; and teratogenic agents, namely certain medications administered during embryogenesis, e.g., ivermectin. Other potentially teratogenic agents that have not been identified as causes of malformation include radiation, cortisone, benzimidazoles, sulfonamides, folate antagonists, and organophosphates. The intense genetic improvement that the Holstein-Friesian breed has been subjected to, including inbreeding that results in consanguinity, may be a determining factor for the breed carrying mutant alleles. Because the calf in this report was crossbred from parents with Holstein-Friesian ancestry, it could carry mutant alleles that led to the malformation. Another etiology proposed in a study on embryological bases by Goodacre and Wallace (1990) is the persistence of buccopharyngeal membrane and amniotic constriction bands in the region of the branchial arches; this cause cannot be ruled out in the present case. Calves born with fetal m...