Eucalyptus bark is a waste generated in large volume and has been used as a source of energy. This study tries to use the Eucalyptus sp. bark as a source of raw material for the charcoal production and to study the influence of pyrolysis temperatures on charcoal properties. Charcoal was produced at different temperatures: 300, 400 and 500 °C, and their properties were determined by proximate analysis, higher heating value and thermogravimetric analysis. It was observed that higher pyrolysis temperature resulted in increase of the fixed carbon content and higher heating value. In the thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry curves it was possible to determine the differences in the thermal stability of charcoal produced. It can be concluded that the eucalyptus bark charcoal is an alternative for the energy reutilization of this waste and also can be used as charcoal for heating.
Brazil emerges as the world's second-largest producer of broiler chicken. In production, there is the formation of the poultry litter, usually consisting of sawdust, water, feed, droppings and feather of the chickens. After the chicken lots are created, the material is discarded. The aim of this study was to characterize the biomass from poultry litter to analyze its potential as a raw material for biochar. The samples were collected in three different times: Pinus spp. sawdust, poultry litter with creation of one chicken lot and with creation of two chicken lots. Moisture tests and proximate analyzes were performed for the three materials and chemical analyzes for the two poultry litter samples. The chemical analyzes did not present significant differences among the samples. The tests showed an increase in moisture content as the chicken lots were create in the litter, reaching 22.11 % after the creation of two lots. The results indicated that from two lots of chickens it is not appropriate to create more lots with the same litter. This material is generally discarded. However, the poultry litter with creation of two lots showed potential to be harnessed as raw material in the manufacture of biochar.
A busca por alternativas para o reaproveitamento de resíduos é uma forma de minimizar os problemas relacionados aos aterros municipais. O presente artigo analisou a viabilidade da produção de briquetes a partir dos resíduos provenientes do aterro de resíduos inertes da cidade de Sorocaba, com o intuito de reduzir o descarte desse material, convertendo-o assim em um produto de maior valor agregado. Os resíduos foram caracterizados quanto à densidade a granel e análise imediata, sendo então compactados com o auxílio de uma prensa hidráulica, sem o uso de temperatura nem aglutinante, os briquetes obtidos foram avaliados quanto à sua estabilidade dimensional, resistência mecânica e durabilidade. Observou-se que o processo de compactação acarretou em briquetes de alta densidade aparente (1077,70 kg/m³) e resistência mecânica (69,75 kgf), confirmando, assim, a viabilidade do uso destes resíduos como biocombustíveis sólidos, desde que seja realizada uma secagem prévia desse material para a sua compactação. Palavras-chave: Biomassa, Bioenergia, Biocombustíveis, Podas urbanas.
The use of Chromated Copper Borate (CCB) for wood treatment is known with several studies on a laboratory scale. However, there is a lack of field studies to analyze the effect of the CCB over time. This study aimed to evaluate the wood properties of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake x Eucalyptus grandis W. Mill ex Maiden (called E. urograndis), treated with CCB as well evaluate the leaching of chromium, copper and bore (Cr/Cu/B) in field test. The field experiment, with wood treated and untreated (no CCB application), was installed in 2016 and remained until 2018. Wood physico-mechanical properties were evaluated for each condition (treated and untreated) and at three different time: at 0, 1 and 2 years of field exposure. The elements (Cr/Cu/B) losses (leaching) were determined by the difference in the quantification of each element retained in the wood (retention), from year 0 (amount of original elements) in relation to years 1 and 2 of field exposure. The preservative treatment of E. urograndis wood with CCB was efficient to maintain its physical and mechanical properties (mass loss, basic density, rupture and elasticity modulus) during the 2 years of field exposure. The E. urograndis wood without CCB treatment showed reductions in the physical-mechanical properties, indicating their low natural durability. High leaching (close to 100%) for boron was observed. In addition, the total of CCB retention has not changed (statistically) after 2 years.
The knowledge of the hygroscopic behavior is an important factor in the characterization of compacted biomass. The aim of this study was to characterize blends of sawdust and sugar cane bagasse briquettes in different storage conditions. The proportions of sawdust and sugarcane bagasse were determined so that the blends reached moisture contents that defined 4 treatments: T1 (22.5%): 30% sawdust and 70% sugar cane bagasse; T2 (17.5%): 50% sawdust and 50% sugar cane bagasse; T3 (13.8%): 65% sawdust and 35% sugar cane bagasse e T4 (10.0%): 80% sawdust and 20% sugar cane bagasse. After compaction the briquettes were subjected to three different conditions: A1 (63% UR), A2 (75% UR) e A3 (45% UR). They were produced 30 briquettes for each treatment. The briquettes were left in storage for 10 days. The analysis of the briquettes was performed by determining the weight variation, longitudinal expansion and mechanical strength. It was observed that the briquettes of treatment T3 (13.8%) showed the best results on the longitudinal expansion (3.45%) and obtained the highest mechanical resistance (1.10 MPa). The storage of briquettes in A1 (63% UR) and A3 (45% UR) resulted in lower longitudinal expansion and greater mechanical resistance. The results confirmed that the addition of sawdust, in different proportions, in the compaction of sugarcane bagasse, decreased the high hygroscopicity of sugarcane bagasse, resulting in dimensional stability and resistant briquettes, and it is an alternative to energetic reuse of these wastes.
The lack of a correct destination for the disposal of green coconut residues and their potential as biomass stimulates their use for energy purposes. Therefore, the aim of this work was investigate the energetic potential of the green coconut shell (Cocos nucifera L.) to charcoal production by pyrolysis. In order to obtain charcoal, samples the green coconut shell was submitted to pyrolysis at different temperatures: 300 °C (CP300), 350 °C (CP350), 400 °C (CP400), 450 °C (CP450) and 500 °C (CP500). The green coconut shell and the produced charcoal were characterized by: proximate analysis, higher heating value (HHV) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). For the produced charcoal, their gravimetric and energy and fixed carbon yields were also determined. It was observed that with the increase of the pyrolysis temperature, there was a decrease in the volatile content (CP300 = 37.95% and CP500 = 14.94%), and consequently, increase in fixed carbon (CP300 = 56.42% and CP500 = 79.39%) and HHV (CP300 = 28.84 MJ / kg and CP500 = 29.59 MJ / kg). The increase in temperature also caused a decrease in the gravimetric yield (CP300 = 48.05% and CP500 = 33.29%) and energy yield (CP300 = 66.50% and CP500 = 52.76%) and an increase in thermal stability. It can be concluded that the charcoal of the green coconut shell is an alternative for the energy reutilization of this residue and also can be used as commercial charcoal.Keywords: Bioenergy; biomass; residues; pyrolisis. ResumoA falta de um destino correto para o descarte dos resíduos de coco verde e seu potencial como biomassa estimula sua utilização para fins energéticos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar o potencial energético da casca de coco verde (Cocos nucifera L.) para produção de carvão vegetal através de estudo pirolítico. Para a obtenção do carvão vegetal, as amostras foram submetidas à pirólise, nas temperaturas de 300 °C (CP300), 350 °C (CP350), 400 °C (CP400), 450 °C (CP450) e 500 °C (CP500). A casca de coco e os carvões produzidos foram caracterizados mediante: análise imediata, poder calorífico superior (PCS) e análise termogravimétrica (TG). Para os carvões vegetais produzidos, foram também determinados seus rendimentos gravimétricos, energéticos e em carbono fixo. Observou-se que, com o aumento da temperatura de pirólise, houve a diminuição do teor de voláteis (CP300=37,95% e CP500=14,94%) e, consequentemente, aumento do carbono fixo (CP300=56,42% e CP500=79,39%) e PCS (CP300=28,84 MJ/kg e CP500=29,59 MJ/kg). O aumento da temperatura também provocou a diminuição do rendimento gravimétrico (CP300=48,05% e CP500=33,29%) e energético (CP300=66,50% e CP500=52,76%) e um aumento na estabilidade térmica. Pode-se concluir que o carvão vegetal da casca de coco verde é uma alternativa para o reaproveitamento energético desse resíduo e tem condições para ser utilizado como carvão vegetal comercial.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.