Biomass in a broad sense has a great energy potential. It can be densified improving the logistic and the energetic efficiency. The aim of the present work was the characterization of coconut fiber (FC) and sugarcane straw (PC) and the evaluation of mechanical properties of the briquettes produced from these materials. The samples of materials were performed to proximate analysis and high heating value (HHV) with three repetitions. Five different blends were tested with 15 repetitions for each blend: treatment T1 (100% FC), T2 (75% FC and 25% PC), T3 (50% FC and 50% PC), T4 (25% FC and 75% PC) and T5 (100% PC). It was used particles size smaller than 0.84 mm with 12% moisture content for the briquettes production. The process was done in a hydraulic press without heating or binder. Briquette length expansion at specific time intervals was determined over a 72 hours period. The strength and friability of briquettes were measured after the production period of six days. The results showed that in the proximate analysis and HHV coconut fiber and sugarcane straw presented 74.01% and 77.50% for volatile matter, 3.71% and 5.68% for ash, 22.28% and 16.81% for fixed carbon, 18.24 MJ.kg -1 e 17.49 MJ.kg -1 for HHV, respectively. Sugarcane straw briquettes were classified as very crumbly. However, blending coconut fiber with sugarcane straw improved the quality of briquette.Keywords: Biomass; bioenergy; mechanical strength; solid biofuel. ResumoA biomassa, em geral, mostra um grande potencial energético. Ainda na sua forma compactada pode melhorar a logística e a eficiência energética. Neste sentido o presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a fibra de coco (FC) e a palha de cana-de-açúcar (PC) e avaliar as propriedades mecânicas dos briquetes produzidos. A biomassa foi caracterizada em relação à analises química imediata e poder calorífico superior (PCS) com três repetições cada. Para a produção dos briquetes foram realizados cinco tratamentos com 15 repetições: tratamento T1 (100% FC), T2 (75% FC e 25% PC), T3 (50% FC e 50% PC), T4 (25% FC e 75% PC) e T5 (100% PC). Briquetes foram produzidos utilizando os materiais com granulometria inferior a 0.84 mm e teor de umidade de 12%. Foi utilizada uma prensa hidráulica sem aquecimento e não houve adição de aglutinante. A expansão dos briquetes foi acompanhada durante as suas primeiras 72 horas. Após seis dias da produção, os briquetes foram submetidos aos testes de resistência mecânica. Os resultados na análise química imediata e PCS, mostraram que a fibra de coco e a palha da cana-de-açúcar apresentaram valores de 74.01% e 77.50% para voláteis, 3.71% e 5.68% para cinzas, 22.28% e 16.81% para carbono fixo, 18.24 MJ.kg Palavras-chave: Biomassa; bioenergia; resistência mecânica; biocombustível sólido.
In lignocellulosic biomass, the volatile matter can vary from 65 to 85%. Different standards are described in the literature for obtaining this parameter. However, it is observed that some studies of regression models have not considered these differences. They create a volatile matter content database, where the standards for obtaining the same parameter are different. Thus, the objective of the study was to verify whether different standards for volatile matter present statistically equal values. That is if they can be compared with each other, without danger of bias. For this, three types of biomasses of Brazil used were used (eucalyptus chips, pine chips, and sugarcane bagasse). The samples were collected, size reduction, size separation, and stored in the laboratory. Three standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D1762, ASTM E872, ASTM D3175) and one standard of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 18123) were tested. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of four treatments and five replications. The central limit theorem was tested in some literature databases of the volatile matter. The results showed statistical differences when changing the type of standard used. For eucalyptus sawdust, the four standards resulted in methodologies with different averages. Still, the central limit theorem was not observed in some databases of different articles. This was explained by the non-standardization of a single standard when grouping data from different works. Therefore, different volatile content standards produce different results and when comparing values, it is important to take this assumption into account.
A busca por alternativas para o reaproveitamento de resíduos é uma forma de minimizar os problemas relacionados aos aterros municipais. O presente artigo analisou a viabilidade da produção de briquetes a partir dos resíduos provenientes do aterro de resíduos inertes da cidade de Sorocaba, com o intuito de reduzir o descarte desse material, convertendo-o assim em um produto de maior valor agregado. Os resíduos foram caracterizados quanto à densidade a granel e análise imediata, sendo então compactados com o auxílio de uma prensa hidráulica, sem o uso de temperatura nem aglutinante, os briquetes obtidos foram avaliados quanto à sua estabilidade dimensional, resistência mecânica e durabilidade. Observou-se que o processo de compactação acarretou em briquetes de alta densidade aparente (1077,70 kg/m³) e resistência mecânica (69,75 kgf), confirmando, assim, a viabilidade do uso destes resíduos como biocombustíveis sólidos, desde que seja realizada uma secagem prévia desse material para a sua compactação. Palavras-chave: Biomassa, Bioenergia, Biocombustíveis, Podas urbanas.
Eucalyptus bark is a waste generated in large volume and has been used as a source of energy. This study tries to use the Eucalyptus sp. bark as a source of raw material for the charcoal production and to study the influence of pyrolysis temperatures on charcoal properties. Charcoal was produced at different temperatures: 300, 400 and 500 °C, and their properties were determined by proximate analysis, higher heating value and thermogravimetric analysis. It was observed that higher pyrolysis temperature resulted in increase of the fixed carbon content and higher heating value. In the thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry curves it was possible to determine the differences in the thermal stability of charcoal produced. It can be concluded that the eucalyptus bark charcoal is an alternative for the energy reutilization of this waste and also can be used as charcoal for heating.
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