Marking the cattle populations by individual genes and gene complexes createsnew opportunities for the development of selection when genetic methods aim to prevent the decrease of the populations’ gene variability. The article reveals the studies of the genetic structure of the Simmental cattle population, PAT breeding facility "Chervoniy Veleten" for erythrocyte antigens of 9 genetic systems (A, B, C, F, J, L, M, S, Z); linear affiliation of animals was taken into account. Animal erythrocyte antigens were determined by hemolysis reaction using monospecific sera - reagents. It is established that the spectrum of certain antigens is specific for Simmental cattle. The high frequency of antigenic factors G2, T2, E3/, G/, I/, O/, Q/, B// (q = 0,364 - 0,636) let us identify allele markers inherent in Simmental cattle: BGKE/G/O/Q/, BGKE/O/, BGO/, G2O2Y2, as well as OQ/, OI/Q/, TV /P/. The analysis of the of the most numerous factory lines (Neolit, Lavra, Zorkiy, Biser, Lascar) was carried out. It was shown that the markers of the Neolit line can be considered as the alleles: BOI'Q'(q = 0.2931) and BOTG`K` (q = 0.2392), Lavra - BBIA`K` (q = 0.1863) and BO` (q = 0.2500), Zorkiy - ВBGO` (q = 0.1325) and Вb, Biser - ВOI`Q` (q = 0.2246) and BG/ (q = 0.1920), Lascara - ВBGKE`GÒ `Q` (q = 0.1405) and BO` (q = 0.2735). It was found, that alleles EAB, which are more common for Laurel and Lascar lines (Kv=32.04%) are marked by the most similarities in the alleles of the EAB - blood group system, the highest values of the difference coefficient are characteristic of the Neolit - Lascar and Neolit - Laurel lines (55.66% and 54.86% respectively), the most differentiated was the Neolit line (Kv ser. = 49.48%, dser. = 0.332). Detection of interlinear differences in related groups of Simmental cattle allows preliminary prediction, correction and plan the animal selection for factory mating.
The article outlines the data on the study of the specifics of the gene pool of the horses of the Trakehner breed of domestic selection as a whole (n = 236), and leading tribal business entities and the private sector. Immunogenetic differences are identified and a comparative characteristic of horses of farms behind frequencies and spectrum of alleles of genetic blood group systems has been carried out. The population of the Trakehner breed of horses of domestic selection owns a peculiar immunogenetic profile in the context of the tribal business entities and the private sector, owns certain specificity and variability, which is associated with both breed differences and different breeding methods in our country. In stallions (n=89), the frequency of the Dcegm allele (q=0,034), Dd (q=0.124), Ddg (q=0.079), Ddk (q=0.337) is significantly a significant temple, and Dbcm alleles (q=0.129), Dcgm (q=0.185), Dde (q=0.112) significantly low than the Dcegm mares (n=147) (q=0.014), Dd (q=0.102), Ddg (q=0.065), Ddk (q=0.320) and Dbcm (q=0.146), Dcgm (q=0.207), Dde (q=0.139) - respectively. Also, the stallions had no allele Dad. The Trakehner horse breed of domestic selection has the highest concentration in the frequencies of alleles DDK (q=0.326), and somewhat high in the frequencies of Dcgm alleles (q=0.199), Dbcm (q=0.139) and Dde (q=0.129). The allele Dad (q=0,004) is extremely rare. The most common among all the populations of the Trakehner horse breed studied by us according to the D-system are the alleles Dcgm, Ddk. They were observed on all farms of certified horses of this breed. The highest frequencies of the Dcgm allele in the farms: OOO "Borzhava Plus" (q=0.35), OOO "Kleinoda" (q=0.33), OOO "KSK"Prodani koni"(q=0.31), SOOO AF "Zorya"(q=0.21) and private owners (q=0.22). The frequency of the Ddk allele is the highest in the farms of OOO "Borzhava Plus" (q=0.65), the horse farm "Vinnichina" (q=0.50), OOO "Kleinoda" (q=0.50), OOO "Russia" (q=0.50). In the same system, the Dcegm allele was observed in 4 farms: SOOO AF "Zorya" (q=0.03), the equestrian plant "Vinnichina" (q=0.07), in small farms (q=0.03) and frequent sectors (q=0.05). The highest number of homozygous horses of the Trakehner breed in farms: GP "Pivdenkonetsenter" (N = 5), OOO "Russia" (n = 5) and in small farms (n = 8).
Marker-Assisted Selection is getting increasing attention in animal breeding as an effective tool for choosing animals with desirable traits. Identification of molecular markers which are related to candidate genes is a promising approach for improving economic traits and has to be evaluated for further gene-trait associations. Single nucleotide polymorphisms are genetic markers that can be associated with production traits. SNP genotyping has to be done additionally for each breed to see if they are polymorphic and have significant associations with certain traits. Among the candidate genes that influence the expression of productive traits, special attention is drawn to LY49B, EDNRB and CSN3 genes. Gene EDNRB is associated with lethal white foal syndrome, LY49B is responsible for induction of immune response and CSN3 gene is responsible for reproduction traits in horses. SNPs LY49B с. 1763 C>T, EDNRB g.118 TC/AG and CSN3 g. 66 A>G have been receiving increasing attention as potential markers which are responsible for developing important selection traits in horses. The study was conducted on Ukrainian Riding Horse, Russian Trotter and Orlov Trotter horse breeds (50 animals for each breed). Genotyping was performed using PCR–RFLP method. EDNRB polymorphism g. 118 TC/AG was polymorphic only in the Ukrainian Riding horse breed. This indicates carriers of the lethal mutation of the White Foal Syndrome (LWFS) only in the mentioned breed. SNP CSN3 g. 66 A>G turned out to be polymorphic (with the predominance of A g. 66 allele) and low-informative (i.e., PIC=0,090-0,122) in Ukrainian Riding Horse, Russian Trotter and Orlov Trotterther breeds. SNP LY49B c. 1763 C> T turned out to be low-polymorphic (with the predominance of G c.1763 allele) but enough informative (i.e., PIC=0,212-0,365) in Ukrainian Riding Horse, Russian Trotter and Orlov Trotterther breeds. Consequently, it is highly prospective to create experimental groups for studied horse breeds to identifying possible associations only for SNP CSN3 g. 66 A>G.
Marker-Assisted Selection is getting increasing attention in Ukrainian animal breeding as an effective tool for choosing animals with desirable traits. Identification of molecular markers which are related to major genes is a promising approach for improving economic traits and has to be checked for further gene-trait associations. Single nucleotide polymorphisms are genetic markers that can be associated with production traits. SNP genotyping has to be done additionally for each breed to see if they are polymorphic and have significant associations with certain traits. Among the candidate genes that influence the expression of productive traits, special attention is drawn to RYR1, ESR1 and PRLR genes. Gene RYR1 is associated with muscle hypertrophy and other meat quality defects in pigs. ESR1 and PRLR genes influence reproduction and affect the litter size in pigs. SNPs RYR1 g.1843 C>T, ESR1 SNP c.1227 C>T and PRLR g. 1789 G>A have been receiving increasing attention as potential markers for improving quality and pig performance traits. This study investigated the allele variants in three genes (RYR1, ESR1 and PRLR) in Ukrainian Large White pigs of different inside breed types (ULW-1 and ULW-2). The study was performed on 200 pigs. Genotyping was performed using PCR–RFLP method. SNP RYR1 g.1843 C>T was not polymorphic in ULW-1 and ULW-2 inside breed types, when ESR1 SNP c.1227 C> T and PRLR g. 1789 G>A were highly polymorphic. SNPs in ESR1 and PRLR genes had high PIC and χ2 values which indicates the relevance of further associative studies in ULW-1 and ULW-2. Informativeness of the genetic markers in ESR1 and PRLR genes was optimal for associative studies in Ukrainian Large White pig breed of first and second inside breed type.
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