O criptorquidismo em equinos é uma afecção relativamente comum sendo caracterizada pela falha na descida de um ou ambos os testículos da cavidade abdominal para a bolsa escrotal. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi obter dados clínico-cirúrgicos do criptorquidismo em cavalos determinando-se a frequência e distribuição da afecção com interesse na raça, idade, classificação da retenção e procedimento cirúrgico utilizado no tratamento. Para tanto utilizaram-se dados do tratamento cirúrgico de 55 cavalos criptorquidas da região noroeste do Paraná, de variadas raças e idades. O acesso cirúrgico para orquiectomia nos criptórquios abdominais foi realizado através da laparotomia parainguinal direita ou esquerda seguida da remoção do testículo da cavidade e nos criptórquios inguinais, a gônada afetada foi removida por orquiectomia inguinal. O pós-operatório consistiu em ducha com água corrente e curativo diário da ferida cirúrgica e todos os animais foram mantidos no hospital veterinário por 14 dias. Concluiu-se que a frequência da afecção foi elevada em cavalos da raça Quarto de Milha, que totalizou 42 dos 55 casos atendidos e a forma mais frequente de criptorquismo observada nos animais desse levantamento foi a abdominal unilateral esquerda, com 28 casos equivalendo a 50,9% de todos os animais
SILVA, J. R. da; RIBEIRO, M. G.; ORLANDINI, C. F.; LADEIA, A. L.; RIBEIRO, L. V. P.; MEIRELLES, G. P.; BAR-RETO FILHO, J. R. C. Cesariana em égua -relato de caso. Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 17, n. 2, p. 131-137, abr./jun. 2014. RESUMO:O termo distocia refere-se ao trabalho de parto anormal, e a espécie equina possui baixa incidência em relação às outras espécies. Quando diagnosticada, a correção da estática fetal por meio de manobras obstétricas é o primeiro método sugerido, porém quando não efetiva, a retirada cirúrgica pode ser indicada. A cesariana classifica-se em cesariana de emergência, de semiemergência e semieletiva, sendo que diferentes acessos à cavidade podem ser utilizados para esse procedimento. Descreve-se um caso de cesariana em uma égua de seis anos de idade que apresentava distocia há mais de doze horas e após tentativa sem sucesso de reposicionamento fetal, o animal foi encaminhado à cirurgia. Não houve intercorrências na recuperação anestésica e curativo local foi feito diariamente, juntamente com aplicação de antibióticos e anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais. Devido à hemorragia uterina que o animal passou a apresentar no terceiro dia de pós-operatório foi realizada transfusão sanguínea, administração de antifibrinolítico hemostático e estimulante de células vermelhas. No 17º dia pós--cirúrgico a égua recebeu alta e após cinco meses da data de cirurgia, por meio de ultrassonografia transretal, constatou-se que a égua apresentava um folículo de 37 milímetros no ovário direito. Conclui-se com esse relato que a cesariana em éguas é aplicada com sucesso nos casos de distocia, porém mais trabalhos, maior número de estudos e relatos sobre esse tema precisam ser feitos para que se possa estipular a taxa de sucesso deste procedimento nesta espécie e também a taxa de fertilidade futura das éguas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cirurgia. Cesárea. Distocia. Potro. CESAREAN SURGERY IN MARES -A CASE STUDYABSTRACT: Dystocia is a term referred to an abnormal labor with relatively low incidence in horses. When diagnosed, the first suggested procedure is the correction of the fetal position through obstetric maneuvers. However, when these are not effective, a cesarean section surgery may be indicated. This surgery can be classified as an emergency c-section, semi-emergency c-section or semi-elective c-section, with different approaches to the cavity being performed. A 6-year-old Mangalarga Marchador mare presented dystocia for more than 12 hours, rupture of the corioalantoid membrane and fetal appendages insinuated into the rima vulvae. After unsuccessful fetal repositioning, the animal was submitted to a c-section with median--line incision, uterine exteriorization, uterine incision and removal of the dead fetus. There were no complications during anesthesia or recovery. Bandages were daily changed, and antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were also administered. Due to a uterine hemorrhage three days after surgery, the animal received blood transfusion, antifibrinolytic drugs and red bloo...
Background and Aim: The use of anesthetic infusions based on pharmacokinetic values associated with anesthetic plan and bispectral index in dogs have not been well-documented in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate the bispectral index (BIS) change based on pre-propofol and establish clinical anesthetic depth changes during propofol sequential target-controlled infusion (STCI) in dogs with a plasma target of 5 μg/mL. Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy male dogs aged 1-3 years and weighing 9.8-44 kg were recruited. These dogs were pre-medicated intramuscularly with methadone (0.2 mg/kg) and acepromazine (0.03 mg/kg). After 30 min, propofol anesthetic induction and maintenance were initiated using STCI according to dog pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters. Subsequently, the target plasma concentration of propofol was set at 5 μg/mL for both anesthetic induction and the 120 min maintenance. Then, TivaTrainer v.9.1 software was used to calculate anesthetic infusion rates in a TCI plasmatic concentration mode using the PKs model optimized by covariates for propofol TCI in dogs. The BIS value was recorded every 5 min from the beginning of induction until the end of anesthesia. Finally, analysis of variance was performed on numerical data using the Friedman test, followed by the Bonferroni adjustment (p<0.05). Results: A statistical difference was observed between the baseline BIS value (T0), with a median value of 84.5 (81-97), and BIS after every 15 min (T15) of inducing anesthesia. Surgical anesthetic depth was also reached in 18 of 20 dogs after 10 min of infusion and in all dogs after 20 min, with a median BIS value of 72 (53-89) at the time of surgical anesthesia depth. Results also showed no BIS variation (p<0.05) between anesthetic moments after anesthetic induction with a substantial amplitude of BIS in the surgical anesthetic depth. Moreover, the maximum depth of anesthesia in all dogs by clinical evaluation was reached after 20 min of anesthesia and then remained stable throughout the anesthetic period. Conclusion: This study suggested that most dogs (90%) attained a surgical depth of anesthesia within 15 min of STCI onset, with a plasma target of 5 μg/mL and no change in anesthetic depth throughout the period anesthesia lasted. Furthermore, median BIS values remained high even after dogs reached the surgical depth of anesthesia, indicating that the comparison of BIS values of dogs and humans should not be considered for classifying anesthetic and hypnotic depths in dogs.
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of minimally invasive partial pericardiotomy on echocardiographic variables of morphometry and function in healthy horses. Minimally invasive pericardiotomy was performed in six healthy horses. Echocardiographic evaluation was executed in different moments: prior to the surgical procedure (M0); 24 hours post procedure (M1); 72 hours post procedure (M2) and 28 days post procedure (M3). The following variables were measured: Right ventricular internal diameter in diastole and systole (RVd and RVs), interventricular septum thickness in diastole and systole (IVSd and IVSs), left ventricular internal diameter in diastole and systole (LVd and LVs), left ventricular free wall thickness in diastole and systole (LVFWd and LVFWs), aortic root diameter (Ao) and left atrial diameter (LA). From this data, the following variables were calculated: fractional shortening (FS%), fractional thickening of the interventricular septum (IVS%), fractional thickening of the left ventricular free wall (LVFW%) and the relationship between left atrial and aortic diameters (LA/Ao). After 28 days, a new thoracoscopy was performed for inspection of the thoracic cavity. In M1 and M2 ECO evaluations, a statistically significant change in LVFW and a decrease in RVd, LVd, LVFWs, LA, LVs, FS% and IVS was documented. Pericardiotomy is a promising technique in horses, with minor postoperative complication. The variations in the echocardiographic parameters were transient and did not cause hemodynamic damage to the animals.
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