O criptorquidismo em equinos é uma afecção relativamente comum sendo caracterizada pela falha na descida de um ou ambos os testículos da cavidade abdominal para a bolsa escrotal. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi obter dados clínico-cirúrgicos do criptorquidismo em cavalos determinando-se a frequência e distribuição da afecção com interesse na raça, idade, classificação da retenção e procedimento cirúrgico utilizado no tratamento. Para tanto utilizaram-se dados do tratamento cirúrgico de 55 cavalos criptorquidas da região noroeste do Paraná, de variadas raças e idades. O acesso cirúrgico para orquiectomia nos criptórquios abdominais foi realizado através da laparotomia parainguinal direita ou esquerda seguida da remoção do testículo da cavidade e nos criptórquios inguinais, a gônada afetada foi removida por orquiectomia inguinal. O pós-operatório consistiu em ducha com água corrente e curativo diário da ferida cirúrgica e todos os animais foram mantidos no hospital veterinário por 14 dias. Concluiu-se que a frequência da afecção foi elevada em cavalos da raça Quarto de Milha, que totalizou 42 dos 55 casos atendidos e a forma mais frequente de criptorquismo observada nos animais desse levantamento foi a abdominal unilateral esquerda, com 28 casos equivalendo a 50,9% de todos os animais
SILVA, J. R. da; RIBEIRO, M. G.; ORLANDINI, C. F.; LADEIA, A. L.; RIBEIRO, L. V. P.; MEIRELLES, G. P.; BAR-RETO FILHO, J. R. C. Cesariana em égua -relato de caso. Arq. Ciênc. Vet. Zool. UNIPAR, Umuarama, v. 17, n. 2, p. 131-137, abr./jun. 2014. RESUMO:O termo distocia refere-se ao trabalho de parto anormal, e a espécie equina possui baixa incidência em relação às outras espécies. Quando diagnosticada, a correção da estática fetal por meio de manobras obstétricas é o primeiro método sugerido, porém quando não efetiva, a retirada cirúrgica pode ser indicada. A cesariana classifica-se em cesariana de emergência, de semiemergência e semieletiva, sendo que diferentes acessos à cavidade podem ser utilizados para esse procedimento. Descreve-se um caso de cesariana em uma égua de seis anos de idade que apresentava distocia há mais de doze horas e após tentativa sem sucesso de reposicionamento fetal, o animal foi encaminhado à cirurgia. Não houve intercorrências na recuperação anestésica e curativo local foi feito diariamente, juntamente com aplicação de antibióticos e anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais. Devido à hemorragia uterina que o animal passou a apresentar no terceiro dia de pós-operatório foi realizada transfusão sanguínea, administração de antifibrinolítico hemostático e estimulante de células vermelhas. No 17º dia pós--cirúrgico a égua recebeu alta e após cinco meses da data de cirurgia, por meio de ultrassonografia transretal, constatou-se que a égua apresentava um folículo de 37 milímetros no ovário direito. Conclui-se com esse relato que a cesariana em éguas é aplicada com sucesso nos casos de distocia, porém mais trabalhos, maior número de estudos e relatos sobre esse tema precisam ser feitos para que se possa estipular a taxa de sucesso deste procedimento nesta espécie e também a taxa de fertilidade futura das éguas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Cirurgia. Cesárea. Distocia. Potro. CESAREAN SURGERY IN MARES -A CASE STUDYABSTRACT: Dystocia is a term referred to an abnormal labor with relatively low incidence in horses. When diagnosed, the first suggested procedure is the correction of the fetal position through obstetric maneuvers. However, when these are not effective, a cesarean section surgery may be indicated. This surgery can be classified as an emergency c-section, semi-emergency c-section or semi-elective c-section, with different approaches to the cavity being performed. A 6-year-old Mangalarga Marchador mare presented dystocia for more than 12 hours, rupture of the corioalantoid membrane and fetal appendages insinuated into the rima vulvae. After unsuccessful fetal repositioning, the animal was submitted to a c-section with median--line incision, uterine exteriorization, uterine incision and removal of the dead fetus. There were no complications during anesthesia or recovery. Bandages were daily changed, and antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were also administered. Due to a uterine hemorrhage three days after surgery, the animal received blood transfusion, antifibrinolytic drugs and red bloo...
Background The method of choice for esophageal replacement after esophagectomy for cancer is the gastric tube. However when the stomach is not available a colon graft interposition can be performed. The purpose of this retrospective study was to review our experience with colon interposition following esophagectomy for cancer and to assess the early surgical outcomes. Methods We reviewed clinical data from 26 consecutive patients who underwent colon interposition after esophagectomy for cancer between January 1990 and December 2017 at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute. Outcomes were compared with data in international publications on colon interposition. Results There were 22 (85%) males and 4 females with a mean age of 56 years (range, 28 to 79 years). Indications were adenocarcinoma in 21 (81%) and squamous cell carcinoma in 5 (19%). Seven (30%) patients received neoadjuvant treatment: in 3 cases chemotherapy and in 4 patients chemoradiation. Transhiatal esophagectomy and transthoracic esophagectomy were performed in 21 (81%) and 5 patients, respectively. The mean operative time was 389 min (range 120–660 min). The most common option for colon conduit was the left colon (63%). We performed hand-sewn anastomosis in the neck in all cases. Surgical morbidity was 65%, most commonly due to pulmonary complications. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 13 patients (50%). One case graft necrosis were observed and 9 (35%) reoperations were necessary. In-hospital mortality was 15%. Conclusion Our results are in line with the literature and demonstrate that colon interposition after esophagectomy is feasible and, despite having a significant morbimortality, appears to be a valuable alternative for the challenging situation where the stomach is not available. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Background Surgical resection is considering the gold standard in esophageal cancer treatment, with 15–40% cure global rates. Radical exclusive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is used in patients with local advanced esophageal cancer or without clinical conditions for esophagectomy, with a 5-year overall survival up to 30%. However, locoregional control is poor with a 40–60% recurrence rate and salvage esophagectomy maybe an option for these patients. Methods Our objective is to report the experience of a single high volume oncological institution with salvage esophagectomy. Retrospective analysis of 28 patients medical records, with esophageal cancer, submitted to Salvage Esophagectomy in Brazilian NCI after radical exclusive CRT or RT between January 1990 and December 2015. Results Median age was 56 years and most are male (78,5%). Esophageal middle third was the tumor principal location (50%) and histological type was squamous cell carcinoma (82%). Thoracic approach for esophagectomy was the principal surgical technique, and gastric tube the most used conduit for reconstruction (78,5%). Surgery was R0 in 83% of the cases, with a surgical morbidity of 64%. Median hospital time was 15 days (8–58) and surgical mortality 14% (4 patients), with 7% in the first 30 days. Median overall survival was 22,3 months. Conclusion Our results are in line with published data in the literature. Besides surgical morbidity and mortality, Salvage Esophagectomy remains de only chance of cure for patients with locoregional recurrence after radical exclusive CRT. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Background: Studies on intestinal parasites in cougars Puma concolor are scarce, and most of the available information on the species has been derived from individuals in captivity. One of the greatest threats to the survival of wild cats is habitat loss caused by urban sprawl, agricultural matrix, and linear developments such as highways and railways, which expose animals to direct contact with humans and to a high risk of death. Given the lack of scientific data the objective of this study was to report on the occurrence of intestinal parasites in a cougar (P. concolor) specimen from the northwestern region of Paraná State, Brazil.Case: The carcass of a free-living cougar (P. concolor) individual was sent to the Interdisciplinary Science Museum (Museu Interdisciplinar de Ciências – MIC) of Paranaense University (Universidade Paranaense - UNIPAR); an individual was killed during a collision with an unidentified vehicle on highway PR-486, in the municipality of Mariluz (PR, Brazil). The geographical coordinates of the location where the animal was found are: 23°59′29″S, 53°8′47″W. This region is characterized by semi-deciduous seasonal forest remnants. After being identified on site and collected by the inspectors of the Paraná Environmental Institute (Instituto Ambiental do Paraná - IAP), the cadaver was donated to the MIC (by the IAP) for a necropsy to elucidate the cause of death. In this context, the cadaver was sent to the Animal Pathology section of the Department of Veterinary Medicine at UNIPAR. The animal was necropsied by performing the standard necropsy technique for carnivores: opening the intestine through the mesentery and exposing the mucosa from the duodenum to the colon. The necropsy showed that the cause of death was hypovolemic shock due to trauma. During necropsy, parasites in the intestinal lumen were visible to the naked eye. Parasites and feces were collected and stored in sterile flasks containing 10% formaldehyde and saline. The parasites were subjected to Faust and Hoffman techniques, micrometry, and morphological analysis, resulting in the identification of the roundworm Toxocara cati and the tapeworm Spirometra decipiens.Discussion: Identifying the roadkill species along highways is of paramount importance, since they are living very close to man and, consequently, reservoirs and disseminators of different infectious and parasitic zoonoses may be possible. Infection by protozoa and helminths in animals usually occurs by ingesting the infective form present in food or water. Toxocara cati and the tapeworm Spirometra decipiens were only reported in captivity before. Research on parasites in free-living wild animals is not common in the scientific literature and this is due to the difficulty of capturing this animal category as they live in difficult to access places such as forests and forests, therefore, research projects in partnership with museums are extremely important for the recognition of wild animal species that circulate in the region, in addition to the parasitic identification of these animals for future sanitary measures and for the preservation of the animal species in the environment. The Parasitological studies of wild animals are highly relevant for expanding this knowledge, especially considering the possible transfer risk of specific parasitic diseases to other animals, as well as to humans.
The success of reproductive technologies, such as embryo transfer and IVF, greatly depend on the response to superovulation. Using hormonal therapy, it is possible to increase the reproductive rates of beef and dairy cattle for individual and herd treatment. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of stimulating treatment with FSH or eCG on the oocytes production in Nelore (Bos indicus) donors. The experiment was carried out at Biotec (Cesumar farm, Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil). Forty-two cows that originated from the same genetic group, between 4 and 9 years old were used, with an average weight of 420 kg. The cows received an intramuscular injection of estradiol benzoate (EB, 2 mg) and an ear implant of Norgestomet® (3 mg). Then, they were divided in 3 groups: control group (n = 14); group 1 = eCG treatment (n = 14); and group 2 = FSH treatment (n = 14). In group 2, cows received on 120 IU of FSH on Days 5 and 6, divided in 4 doses that were administrated at 12-h intervals. On Day 7, all implants were removed and ovum pick-up (OPU) was performed. The results were statistically analyzed by Proc GLM (version 8.0, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA) and the mean differences were analyzed by Tukey test. Of 42 OPU sessions, a total of 627 oocytes were recovered, of which 502 were viable and 125 were degenerated, but there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the groups, as shown in Table 1. We conclude that the gonadotrophic stimulations with FSH or with eCG used in this study did not increase the overall quality of the viable oocytes. More research is needed to determine the optimal ovarian stimulation protocol in Nelore cows. Table 1.Number of oocytes recovered after OPU session in cows that were superstimulated with FSH or eCG1
Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CR) became the standard of care for the treatment of resectable esophageal cancer, but the survival rates are still worse than the observed in other gastrointestinal malignancies. The optimal neoadjuvant approach is still matter of debate. Based on these considerations, we started a phase II trial (QUIMERA) to investigate the safety and efficacy of preoperative induction chemotherapy followed by CR and minimally invasive surgery for esophageal cancer. We report the initial results. Methods Patients with confirmed squamous cell or adenocarcinoma of the thoracic esophagus or GEJ (Siewert type I or II), aged 18–75 years, with a PS 0–2, clinical stage cT1b-3 cN0–2 were eligible. After staging, patients received two cycles of IC with carboplatin (175 mg/m2) and paclitaxel (AUC = 5) on days 1 and 22, followed by radiotherapy (45 Gy (25 x 1.8 Gy)) and chemotherapy (carboplatin (AUC = 2) and paclitaxel (50 mg/m2) weekly for five weeks. After re-staging, patients with no stage M1 disease and/or inoperable T4 disease proceeded to surgery, minimally invasive esophagectomy in prone position, 8–12 weeks after the completion of chemoradiation. Results From March 2017 to December 2019, 86 were registered in the clinical trial. Forty-eight were excluded due to T4 or M1 disease, 26 patients finished the IC + chemoradiation protocol. Sixteen minimally invasive esophagectomy were performed. There were no conversions to open surgery. The surgical outcomes are presented in Table 1. The mean node count in the surgical specimen was 27 (13-49). A complete pathological response was observed in 6 (37,5%) cases (4 SCC; 2 Adenocarcinoma). Conclusion Our initial results are encouraging and suggests that IC followed by chemoradiation is a safe, feasible, active and well-tolerated regimen and that it may increase the PCR, especially for squamous cell carcinoma. The minimally invasive esophagectomy following the IC + CR was feasible, safe and had an adequate oncologic result. After the protocol completion there will be data available for a definitive evaluation of the procedure.
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