Objectives. The purpose of the article is approbation the method for evaluation of drivers’ risky traffic behaviour, its structure and main patterns. Background. Psychological research of risky traffic behaviour of drivers is especially acute. It is a very important to measure and identify the features of the traffic behaviour of drivers as high-risk behaviour. In this context, the study of risky traffic behaviour is of particular interest. Study design. The structure and patterns of risky traffic behavior of three groups of Russian drivers with different driving experience were studied. It was using a special questionnaire for evaluation of patterns of risky traffic behaviour of drivers, which has been implemented in Traffic Offenders Prevention Program in Estonia. The data analysis used comparative, correlation and exploratory factor analysis. Participants. 398 drivers with various driving experience, including: 114 — novice drivers; 80 — taxi drivers; 204 — drivers of commercial transportation. Measurements. The structure of drivers’ risky traffic behaviour was studied using a special questionnaire “Traffic Risk Evaluation Model” (Meinhard G., 2018), that includes AUDIT (Babor T., Hig¬gins-Biddle J., Saunders J., Monteiro, 2010). Results. Data on the structure of drivers risky traffic behaviour was obtained. It was found that this structure includes three main patterns: “Attitudes towards alcohol and drunk driving”, “Proneness to violations of law” and “Evaluation of risks and threats in the course of driving”. Correlations were found between patterns of risky traffic behaviour and road accident rates. Conclusions. The research has shown that the consideration of drivers’ risky traffic behaviour structure can become a promising area of research required in the psychological practice of road crash prevention.
The article presents the results of approbation of the questionnaire, that allows evaluating drivers’ inclinations to taking various risks while driving. This questionnaire was developed at NPO Estonian Traffic Behaviour Development Centre, basing on PhD thesis “Evaluation of the effectiveness of a primary preventive program “Clear Picture…!?” to increase traffic safety” by G. Meinhard. Translation of the questions into Russian was performed for Russian-speaking Estonian citizens. The underlying diagnostic model of the questionnaire was implemented into a state program for preventive work with traffic offenders in Estonia in 2014. In the research AUDIT (as a part of the questionnaire) aimed at investigation of attitude towards alcohol consump tion was first used with the Russian sample. The sample included 635 drivers: 465 were Estonian citizens (15,5% females, 84,5% males) and 170 Russian citizens (38,8% females, 61,2% males). All the research participants had the history of multiple speed violations, as well as the other traffic rules violation. Some of the participants underwent medical checks for drunk driving. The results showed that the questionnaire scales, used in this diagnostic model, are highly consistent: Cronbach’s alpha ranges from 0,75 to 0,90 that proves reliability of this instrument. The exception is “Evaluation of driving threats and risks” that has Cronbach’s alpha in the range from 0,54 for the Russian sample. The article provides the first publications of the results of using this questionnaire with the Russian sample. These results can be applied to further investigations of inclination towards unsafe driving among Russian drivers as well as for implementing the underlying diagnostic model into the practice of screening and psychological counselling to prevent traffic accidents in Russia.
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