In this study, we aimed to establish the prevalence and risk factors relating to gastrointestinal helminthiasis, and to characterize the sanitary management practiced among sheep herds in the Sertão region of the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil, based on factors that condition the ways of controlling these parasites in these herds. The research was carried out between April and July 2012. We visited 54 farms, where fecal and blood samples were individually collected from 465 animals. On each farm, a questionnaire was applied to gather information on variables relating to potential risk factors. The prevalence of sheep gastrointestinal helminthiasis in the region was 75.9%. At least one animal tested positive for this helminthiasis on 53 (98.1%) of the 54 farms evaluated. The eggs per gram of feces (EPG) analysis showed the following infection burdens: 51.8% with mild infection, 27.1% moderate infection, 9.9% heavy infection and 11.2% fatal infection. Among the sheep farms visited, anthelmintics were used on 81.5% (p <0.05). The most relevant risk factor in this study was the farm area, because it defines the area available for grazing animals. Properties with many animals and little pasture area, which are the most abundant type in the Sertão region of Paraíba, tend to have high prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis, because the animals are more prone to reinfection. The Sertão region of Paraíba presents high prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis among sheep, and the farm area is the most relevant risk factor for the development of these parasites.

Background: Cladophialophora bantiana is a dematiaceous fungus that causes phaeohyphomycosis, a generic term used to describe a variety of unusual mycoses caused by fungi that have melanin in their cell wall. C. bantiana targets the central nervous system, commonly causing localized brain infections that may result in disseminated infections. In Brazil, minimal phaeohyphomycosis data are available, and information about C. bantiana infections in animals, especially canines, is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the clinical and pathological aspects of systemic phaeohyphomycosis caused by C. bantiana in a dog.Case: A 1-year-old female Pit Bull presented with weight loss, reduced appetite, and a history of cutaneous lesions on the right thoracic limb; however, clinical evolution was not reported. The dog had reportedly given birth recently. Physical examination revealed thinness, pale ocular and oral mucosa, submandibular lymph nodes, and enlarged popliteal lymph nodes. The animal died after convulsive crises during hospitalization. At necropsy, white-yellowish multifocal nodules were observed in the liver and right kidney. The brain featured left cerebral hemisphere asymmetry with blood vessel congestion in the leptomeninges and an irregular brownish focal area on the surface of the right occipital cortex. Cross-sections of the formalin-fixed brain exhibited compression of the left lateral ventricle and the presence of grayish and friable multifocal areas in the gray matter of the left parietal and right occipital cortices. Fragments of the lesions were collected for histopathological and microbiological examination. Histologically, the lesions were similar, characterized by hepatitis, nephritis, and granulomatous and necrotizing meningoencephalitis, multifocal to coalescing, accentuated, chronic, and associated with numerous pigmented fungi. Fontana-Masson–stained fungi exhibited a strong black color. In cleared and unstained histological slides, brownish pigmentation was observed in the cytoplasm and walls of the fungi. C. bantiana was identified via microbiological cultivation.Discussion: A diagnosis of phaeohyphomycosis caused by C. bantiana was made based on the characteristic morphology of the microscopic lesions and confirmed via isolation in microbiological culture. As numerous species cause phaeohyphomycosis, specific confirmation of the etiologic agent using several diagnostic techniques is necessary. In histopathological examinations, pigmented fungal organisms are easily seen among lesions. However, in some cases, the pigment is not apparent in the tissues. FM staining is necessary to demonstrate the presence of the melanin in fungi. As in most phaeohyphomycosis cases, it was not possible to determine the primary portal of entry. However, the lesion on the right thoracic limb probably favored the penetration of the agent. In addition to cerebral lesions, severe lesions in the hepatic and renal parenchyma were observed, which are characteristic of systemic mycosis. Infection and clinical diseases are usually associated with immunocompromised; here, the gestation period may have had an immunosuppressive effect, favoring the proliferation and dissemination of the agent. It was concluded that phaeohyphomycosis caused by C. bantiana produced severe systemic lesions in the brain and organs of the abdominal cavity. Although uncommon, phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladophialophora bantiana should be included as a differential diagnosis for other canine diseases that present with similar clinical symptoms.Keywords: canine, fungal diseases, dematiaceous fungi, Cladosporium trichoides, Xylohypha bantiana, melanin, Fontana-Masson

Background: Lymphomas are considered uncommon in goats, being the multicentric form with the highest number of cases for the species. Primary intranasal lymphomas are often diagnosed in dogs, cats, and humans. In the literature, there is only a description of a multicentric case involving the frontal sinuses and mucosa of the nasal cavity in a goat; therefore, it is important to describe unusual cases of this disease for the inclusion of new clinical and pathological characteristics in the ruminant clinic medicine. The objective of this work is to describe a case of T-cell lymphoma in the nasal cavity of a young goat.Case: The animal had dyspnea and respiratory noise for 15 days. Clinical examination showed nodulation in the right nasal cavity associated with serosanguinous secretion. Tracheostomy was performed; however, after 30 days the animal was euthanized. A sagittal plane of the head showed a pinkish-gray mass in the right and left nasal cavity, with a smooth, multilobulated surface, smooth adhering to the rostral portion of the dorsal concha and occluding the dorsal nasal meatus. Submandibular lymph nodes were slightly enlarged. Histopathological examination of the nasal cavity revealed a non-encapsulated, poorly delimited and ulcerated tumor composed of round cells arranged in a mantle supported by a discrete fibrovascular stroma extending the mucosa and lamina propria. Cells were round with sparse, eosinophilic and poorly delimited cytoplasm. Nuclei varied from round to elongated with condensed chromatin and evident nucleoli. Occasionally, aberrant nuclei, reniform shape and multinucleated cells were seen. Pleomorphism was moderate characterized by anisocytosis and anisocariosis. Typical and atypical mitosis were frequent (0-4 per field of highest magnification [400x]). Amidst the neoplasm, there were multifocal areas of necrosis and hemorrhage associated with a mild lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate. Immunohistochemistry showed positive immunostaining for Vimentin antibodies and CD3, and negative for pan CK and CD20.Discussion: The lymphomas immunophenotyping is little used when it comes to farm animals, and there are few studies that use this technique for the definitive diagnosis of these neoplasms for small ruminants. The use of this technique must be considered in each case, in order to determine the pathogenesis, the accurate diagnosis and the origin of the neoplastic lymphocytes. In goats, T-cell lymphomas are the most diagnosed, although cases of multicentric B-cell lymphomas with ocular involvement have been diagnosed. In view of the clinical picture of the case described, infectious rhinitis already described in goats, such as aspergillosis and protothecosis, should be included as differential diagnoses. However, the anatomopathological findings facilitate the direction of the diagnosis, since infectious rhinitis presents as nodules / ulcerated masses or focal areas of necrosis associated with purulent secretion and in the histopathological examination it is possible to observe the intralesional etiological agents. In addition, the enzootic ethmoidal tumor must be included, as it has similar clinical signs and affects young animals, but they are adenomas/adenocarcinomas that affect the ethmoidal nasal shells induced by a retrovirus. Lymphomas in the caprine species are rare in the Northeastern semi-arid, but that in the present diagnostic routine occasionally occurs, being important the first description of its nasal shape for its inclusion in the differential diagnoses of diseases that present with clinical obstruction and dyspnea for the species. Keywords: hematopoietic neoplasia, immunophenotyping, lymphocytes, dyspnea.Descritores: neoplasia hematopoietica, imunofenotipagem, linfócitos, dispneia.Título: Linfoma de células T na cavidade nasal de caprino.

<span style="line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 11pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Relata-se um caso de reação pós-vacinal em um equino macho de 12 anos, na cidade de Salgueiro, Pernambuco. Há três meses o tratador administrou 2ml da vacina utilizada para o controle de febre aftosa no lado esquerdo do pescoço do equino e se queixava de um aumento de volume medindo 12x25cm, imóvel, firme e dolorido à palpação. Foi realizada a retirada cirúrgica completa da massa e avaliação histopatológica. Na microscopia, observou-se dermatite, paniculite e miosite piogranulomatosa focalmente extensa acentuada associada a vacúolos compatíveis com adjuvante vacinal de base lipídica. O diagnóstico foi realizado com base nos achados histopatológicos associado ao histórico de administração de vacina no local afetado. A vacina contra a febre aftosa não dever administrada em equinos</span>

<p><span style="font-size: medium;">Relata-se um caso de adenocarcinoma pulmonar acinar (ACPA) com metástase renal em um felino fêmea, siamês de 13 anos de idade com dispneia e cansaço há quatro dias. O animal foi eutanasiado e necropsiado. Macroscopicamente os pulmões apresentavam-se não colapsados, firmes, avermelhados e entremeados por áreas brancacentas que ao corte adentravam ao parênquima. No rim direito, observou-se área esbranquiçada bem delimita na superfície capsular que adentravam ao parênquima. Microscopicamente observou-se no pulmão massa tumoral composta por células epiteliais dispostas em ninhos, túbulos e ácinos, muitas vezes, preenchidos por material mucinoso. Os rins apresentavam pequenos focos neoplásicos que se assemelhavam às do pulmão. Adenocarcinomas pulmonares apesar de pouco comuns em gatos, apresentam prognóstico desfavorável devido às dificuldades no diagnóstico presuntivo e deve ser considerada como diagnóstico diferencial de enfermidades pulmonares em felinos idosos. </span></p>

The aim was to develop a pelleted formulation of Momordica charantia (São Caetano Melon) to improve its palatability, administration, and to test its anthelmintic efficacy in naturally infected goats in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil. Ten animals were used in a pre-experiment, where 20 formulations containing the plant were tested. After choosing the most palatable one, 18 six months-old, male Boer goats, were divided into three groups and evaluated during 28 days: Group 1, received daily a formulation of pellets composed by 60% of M. charantia + 5% of emulsifier + 35% of molasses powder at a dose of 1 g/kg of live weight; Group 2, received the same formulation daily in the dose of 2 g/kg of live weight; and Group 3, received no phytotherapy treatment (Control group). Fecal samples were collected to carry out the EPG and fecal cultures and the animals were weighed at days zero, seven, 14, 21 and 28. The treatments with M. charantia pellets were unsatisfactory in all collections, and there was no statistical difference (P>0,05) among the groups. On day 28, the groups treated with 1g/kg and 2 g/kg showed an increase in EPG of 143% and 100%, respectively. Haemonchus sp. was the most prevalent genus in the fecal cultures. A statistical difference was not observed (P>0,05) in the animal's weight. The pelleted formulation of M. charantia was ineffective to control of gastrointestinal helminthiosis of naturally infected goats in the Brazilian semiarid.

No abstract

Descrevem-se os aspectos clínicos e anatomopatológicos de um caso de dermatite granulomatosa por Halicephalobus gingivalis em um equino no Nordeste do Brasil. O animal apresentou nódulos cutâneos multifocais, não pruriginosos e indolores, predominantemente dispostos nas regiões abdominal, torácica, cervical e facial, e na superfície lateral dos membros torácicos e pélvicos. Fragmentos cutâneos foram coletados, fixados em formol a 10% tamponado, clivados, processados rotineiramente para histopatologia e enviados para avaliação anatomopatológica. Macroscopicamente observaram-se nódulos exofíticos, bem delimitados e com superfície alopécica, multilobulada e crostosa, medindo de 0,5 a 1 cm de diâmetro. Ao corte, os nódulos eram macios, com superfície amarelada, compacta e lisa. Na histopatologia, observou-se dermatite nodular e granulomatosa, focalmente extensa, acentuada, associada a parasitas nematódeos rabditiformes, morfologicamente compatíveis com H. gingivalis. As infecções por H. gingivalis devem ser incluídas no diagnóstico diferencial de dermatites granulomatosas em equinos. O tratamento com ivermectina associado a excisão cirúrgica dos nódulos demonstrou-se eficiente.