The article considers the resource potential of such an industry as agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The need to study the factors of production is not in doubt since the influence of resource potential affects all levels of the economy. At the macro level, this is the production of the total social product; at the meso level - the production of the gross regional product; at the micro-level - the company’s production of marketable products. The factors of production, which include labor resources, natural and biological factors, capital, entrepreneurial abilities, are studied on the example of the agricultural sector. The assessment of agricultural production factors of the Republic of Kazakhstan is given. Practical aspects of the content of production factors based on economic statistical information are revealed. The analysis of the economic dynamics of agriculture at the present stage of management is carried out. It was revealed that crop production prevails in the structure of the gross agricultural output. Animal husbandry and farming services occupy a smaller share. The characteristic of the acreage distribution by regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan is given. The tendencies of supply in the rural labor market are considered. The primary investment areas have been identified as the need for capital investments increases in domestic agriculture. The service life and wear indicator of agricultural machinery give grounds to assert that the capital factor is insufficient for the industry under study, which significantly reduces the possibilities of expanded reproduction.
The purpose of the research is to discuss emigration from Kazakhstan. Since 2014, the outfl ow of the population from the country continues both from cities and from rural areas.Methodology. When writing the article, methods of scientifi c knowledge, theoretical generalization, comparative analysis of the current and past states were used based on data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Originality / value of the research. Based on the available data, the authors made an attempt to analyze the eff ectiveness of the implementation of the state programs «With a diploma – to the village» and «Enbek», aimed at solving the problems of the outfl ow of the population from the northern regions of Kazakhstan and rural areas.Findings. The greatest outfl ow of the population is typical for the regions located in the central, northern and eastern parts of Kazakhstan (all these regions are combined into one group «northern regions»). The fact that people of working age are leaving the country is a matter of concern. To compensate for the losses of the population, the state implements various programs: «With a diploma – to the village» and «Enbek».The state program «With a Diploma – to the Village» is aimed at attracting graduates of higher educational institutions to live in rural areas and replenish the labor force. The state program «Enbek» aims to stimulate voluntary relocation to the northern regions from the labor surplus (southern) regions to the northern regions of Kazakhstan. The implementation of these programs has not been able to address the problem of the outfl ow of the population both from the northern regions of Kazakhstan and from rural areas. In our opinion, these programs require revision considering the conditions on the ground.
The goal is to analyze domestic and foreign experience in formation of the value of agricultural land and develop a new approach to their assessment. Methods – monographic, analytical, statistical, abstract-logical. Results – the author's research states that in Kazakhstan prices for land plots began to form since 1995, after transition to market relations. It is shown that in order to involve it in market turnover, it was necessary to adopt a number of legislative documents. In particular, it was classified as real estate and was subject to state registration. It is determined that initially payment for land was formed in primary market, where the price was set by the state. Since that moment, 27 years have passed (on the lands of settlements) and 19 years (on agricultural lands). It was revealed that the base rates for agricultural land did not change, for the land of RS - from 2008 to 2019. However, for example, in Nur-Sultan – last time they were approved in 2012, in Almaty – in 2015. In Shymkent, despite the acquisition of the status of a republican appointment, the standard remained at the level of 2012. An analysis of distribution of privately owned land in the Republic of Kazakhstan, land tax receipts for 2015 -2021 is given. Conclusions – over the past 7 years there have been significant changes (devaluation, pandemic, political situation, etc.), cost has increased dramatically, but on agricultural land it has remained unchanged. All this, in turn, requires the improvement of methods for determining tariffs for agricultural land. Since the republic has switched to a digital format for maintaining a land cadastre, it is necessary to create a map of market prices for land plots by regions and conduct their constant monitoring.
This article analyzes the educational mismatch and its impact on the labor market in the Republic of Kazakhstan based on available data from open sources. An analysis of the literature on education management shows that many countries are studying this problem. Researchers identify such negative effects from educational mismatch as staff turnover, the wrong choice of profession, dissatisfaction with work and earnings. The authors, having studied foreign literature on this issue, suggest using the experience of India as an option to bring education in line with the needs of the labor market. In our opinion, in the Republic of Kazakhstan, serious, systematic studies of educational discrepancy should be carried out by research institutes and government bodies. Using the methodology proposed by R. Verdugo and N. Verdugo by such state bodies as the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan, will help to assess the real state of education and the labor market and draw appropriate conclusions to mitigate the discrepancy. Ultimately, Kazakhstan’s higher education system must better adapt to the current realities of the labor market. When writing the article, economic and statistical methods, methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, analogy were used.
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