Experimental data on the dynamics of the most important agrophysical indicators of soil fertility which were obtained against the background of various fertilizer systems and predecessors in the development of degraded reclaimed lands that were withdrawn from circulation are presented. It has been shown that the rate of formation of a macrostructure that is valuable in production (0.25-10 mm) strongly depends on the amount of organic matter entering the soil in the form of high doses of all types of organic fertilizers, green manure and crop-root residues, upon decomposition of which an active humus is formed, which, when interacting with calcium, impregnates and cements the soil lumps, transforming them into a water-insoluble form. The greatest positive influence on the structural coefficient is exerted by cultivation of barley according to the organic background with the introduction of manure (40 … 80 t / ha) or liquid runoff of livestock complexes (120 t / ha) in combination with sowing application 10 kg a.v. P2O5 and 30 kg a.m. nitrogen as a top dressing per 1 ha. It has been established that in order to improve agrophysical parameters when degraded lands are involved in agricultural production, along with the introduction of high doses of organic fertilizers, crops with a deeply penetrating, powerfully developed root system that can not only condense the arable and plow layers, reduce acidity should be sown soil, but also at the same time improve its structure.
Надежность машин сельскохозяйственного производства является одной из наиболее важных проблем, которая вынуждает создавать проекты новых технологий восстановления и задуматься об эффективном использовании материальных ресурсов. Затраты на качество, их виды и формы, обычно определяются стандартами предприятия. Рассмотрены изменения составляющих элементов затрат на качество для ремонтных предприятий при внедрении системы менеджмента качества. Для расчетов была составлена таблица экономического эффекта с учетом фактора времени. Так же был рассчитан экономический эффект от внедрения системы менеджмента качества. Для выявления влияния проектных предложений на состояние финансовой деятельности предприятия выполнили расчеты доходности продаж, фондоотдачи, рентабельности, производительности труда, оборачиваемости активов. После проведенного анализа определили, что внедрение системы менеджмента качества позволяет снизить внутренние и внешние потери. Однако не значительно увеличатся затраты на контроль и превентивные затраты. При этом повышается прибыль за счет снижения себестоимости. Ключевые слова: Система качества, внешние потери, внутренние потери, контроль, качество.
The quality of repair of the units is significantly influenced by many factors, and this is not only the wear and tear of the parts coming for repair, the low qualification of the personnel, the old technological equipment, but also the poorly functioning system for organizing metrological support for production, from where there is a significant impact of the error of the measurement tools used on the conclusion of the validity of the parts. It is proposed to select control means not only according to the requirements of regulatory documentation, but also taking into account the impact of losses from measurement error. Dependence is given to estimate the economic effect of the replaced measuring instruments by more accurate ones. Using the example of crankshaft neck control under repair production conditions, it is shown that the use of universal measuring instruments with a lower error significantly reduces the level of losses from incorrect rejection and acceptance of critical parts. Features of incoming control of spare parts are disclosed and the feasibility of using only original parts of the manufacturer is justified.
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