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Pseudomonas strains are fast growing, genetically diverse and metabolically versatile bacteria. Many pseudomonad species are preferential inhabitants of the rhizosphere of plants, reaching up to 10 8 CFU/g of roots for crop species like soybean or maize in the fi eld. Rhizospheric pseudomonads contribute to plant growth and health through a variety of plant probiotic mechanisms, including protection of roots against fungal pathogen attack. Due to their relative ease to isolate and cultivate in the lab, there is an enormous wealth of knowledge about physiological, biochemical, and genetic traits of pseudomonads. Based on their PGPR traits, several inoculant products are commercialized, either for seed, foliar, or postharvest treatment of crops, vegetables, and fruits. Provided that pseudomonads share the rhizosphere niche with Azospirillum species, as well as with many other PGPR microorganisms, combined formulations have also become available for agronomic purposes. However, little information about interspecies and multispecies interactions is available. This chapter describes microbiological, genetic, and agronomic tools that may be applied to isolate and characterize novel Pseudomonas spp. from diverse source materials, to study their interaction with Azospirillum cells in the context of dual or multispecies inoculants, and to evaluate the quality and effectiveness of formulated products.

Among the relevant gynecologic and obstetric history are: eight pregnancies (6 natural births, 1 caesarean section and 1 spontaneous abortion) and one sexual partner. She denies any previous sexually transmitted disease. She did not perform annual gynecological screening.On gynecological physical examination: an exophytic, friable and bleeding lesion of 3 cm is observed and palpated, which compromises the posterior face of the vagina, in its middle-upper third; respecting the rest of the organ and the cervix. On rectal examination, the ampulla is empty, without lesions; the parametria are free.A transvaginal pelvic ultrasound was performed in which no ovarian or uterine lesions were found. And an excisional biopsy was performed.The anatomopathological study showed: small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry: CK7 positive, synaptophysin positive, focal positive chromogranin, p40 negative, p16 positive and Ki67 90%.

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Introduction Right heart catheterization (RHC) is the reference technique for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) measurement but remains invasive. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) diastolic parameters (DPs) are used as non-invasive surrogates but have suboptimal accuracy. Left atrial expansion index (LAEI), describing LA reservoir function, could be used for indirectly estimate PCWP. Purpose To evaluate the correlation between LAEI and PCWP and to compare LAEI accuracy against DPs in estimating PCWP. Methods We retrospectively included the patients admitted to our department from 05/2015 to 02/2018 who underwent both a clinically indicated RHC and TTE within 24 hours. PCWP was obtained during RHC. DPs were measured offline and LAEI was calculated from LA maximum volume (MaxVol) and LA minimum volume (MinVol) as LAEI = [(LAMaxVol − LAMinVol) / LAMinVol)] × 100. Results We enrolled 405 patients (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)<50% n=172; PCWP>12mmHg n=209). LAEI showed a logarithmic correlation with PCWP. The log-transformed LAEI (lnLAEI) had an excellent linear correlation (r=−0.82; p<0.001) with PCWP, higher than DPs (LAMaxVoli: r=0.42; E/A: r=0.57; E/e': r=0.51; TRMaxVel r=0.17; all p<0.001). lnLAEI had the highest accuracy in identifying PCWP>12 mmHg (lnLAEI AUC 0.921, p<0.001) when compared to DPs and their association (Figure). lnLAEI showed an independent and added predictive value in estimating PCWP in a model including atrial fibrillation (Afib), heart rate (HR), LVEF, mitral regurgitation (MR), LAMaxVoli, E/A, E/e' and TRMaxVel (Table). Conclusions LAEI is a simple parameter strongly associated with PCWP which might be used for PCWP estimation. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

La radioterapia estereotáxica extracraneal (Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy, SBRT) asociada a la arcoterapia volumétrica de intensidad modulada se utiliza desde 2008 para tratar lesiones pulmonares pequeñas En este trabajo, se compararon técnicas de planificación para el tratamiento simultáneo de lesiones pulmonares bilaterales utilizando uno o dos isocentros. Se utilizaron para la técnica con isocentro único dos arcos coplanares y para la técnica multi-isocéntrica, cuatro semi-arcos coplanares para cada PTV (planificador EclipseTM). Los planes fueron normalizados para tener 95% del PTV cubierto por 100% de la dosis prescrita y se aplicaron las restricciones del TG101 a los órganos de riesgo (OARs). Para comparar las técnicas, se evaluaron índice de conformidad, IC para el 50% de la dosis prescrita, índice de homogeneidad, dosis máxima a 2cm del PTV y las dosis recibidas por los OARs (pulmones, médula, corazón, esófago, tráquea, piel y costillas). No hubo diferencia significativa en los índices dosimétricos obtenidos y las dosis en los OARs se vieron levemente mejoradas utilizando 2 isocentros pero todos los planes respetaron los criterios de aceptación. Las dos técnicas aparecen dosimétricamente aceptables y el uso de un único isocentro podría proponerse para lograr planes de calidad con tiempos de tratamiento más cortos en casos de lesiones pulmonares bilaterales.

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