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We have investigated the dynamic magnetic properties of dextran-coated magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles in the form of (a) particles suspended in a carrier liquid and (b) concentrated powder obtained from lyophilization. The blocking temperature was found to increase from TB=42(2)to52(2)K (@μ0H=10mT) after lyophilization, showing the effects of dipolar interactions in samples with identical size distributions. The temperature dependence of the hyperfine field Bhyp(T) reveals the effects of collective magnetic excitations at low temperature, and allowed us to obtain the magnetic anisotropy energy Ea=3.6×10−21J for noninteracting particles. The obtained values can be understood assuming only magnetocrystalline anisotropy, without any additional contributions from surface, shape, or exchange origin. Moreover, a magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant value K1=10kJ∕m3 was obtained by assuming the cubic phase with easy magnetic direction [111] of the bulk material above the Verwey transition, supporting the idea that the Verwey transition is absent in nanosized particles. Accordingly, no indication of magnetic transition at TV could be observed in our measurements. From the dynamical parameters of ac susceptibility χ(f,T) curves, the contribution of the dipolar interactions to the total anisotropy energy barrier could be estimated to be Ω=4.5×10−21J, larger than the single-particle value.

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The Gd 2 (WO 4 ) 3 :RE 3+ compounds (where RE 3+ = Sm and Tb) were prepared by the Pechini and ceramic methods and characterized by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. These rare earth materials present high orange (Sm 3+ -compound) and green (Tb 3+ -compound) luminescence intensity under UV radiation. The excitation spectra of these compounds presented broad bands arising from ligand-to-metal charge transfer (O→W and O→RE 3+) and narrow bands from 4f-intraconfigurational transitions. The excitation spectra of Tb 3+ system also exhibit broad bands attributed to the interconfigurational transition (4f-5d). The emission spectra exhibited the , respectively, while a broad band assigned to the LMCT (O→W) is observed when the excitation is monitored on the O→W LMCT state around 270 nm. The experimental intensity parameters η Sm and η Eu present similar behaviors, suggesting that the Sm 3+ ion is in a highly polarizable chemical environment with similar covalent character of the metal-donor atom interaction to the tungstate doped europium system. The cross-relaxation process from the 5 D 3 to the 5 D 4 levels of the Gd 2 (WO 4 ) 3 :Tb 3+ system has been also reported.

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